本文選題：微食物網(wǎng) + 微型浮游動物��； 參考：《海洋通報》2016年03期

【摘要】：海洋浮游微食物網(wǎng)包括病毒、細菌、聚球藻藍細菌、原綠球藻、微微型自養(yǎng)真核生物、微型浮游動物(混合營養(yǎng)和異養(yǎng)鞭毛蟲、纖毛蟲)等生物類群,其中病毒、細菌及微型浮游動物等異養(yǎng)生物類群是海洋中氮、磷營養(yǎng)鹽再生的重要貢獻者。海洋中細菌吸收還是釋放營養(yǎng)鹽取決于細菌與底物中元素的比例,在多數(shù)海區(qū),異養(yǎng)細菌都是吸收營養(yǎng)鹽。病毒主要通過溶解宿主來釋放宿主細胞中的物質(zhì),釋放的營養(yǎng)元素的存在形態(tài)大多為有機物。微型浮游動物對營養(yǎng)鹽的再生主要通過排泄來完成,目前在實驗室內(nèi)測定微型浮游動物排泄率的研究比較少,進行研究的主要困難有兩個:第一,微型浮游動物的室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)較難;第二,測定微型浮游動物的代謝率技術難度較高。根據(jù)已有研究結果,鞭毛蟲的單位體重排氮率為2.8~140μg N(mg DW)~(-1)h~(-1),最大排氮率為7.0×10-9~13.8×10-6μg NH4+N cell~(-1)h~(-1),再生效率為0~100%;最大排磷率為3.8×10-9~6.6×10-7μg P cell~(-1)h~(-1),再生效率為0~100%。鞭毛蟲的營養(yǎng)鹽排泄率和再生效率受鞭毛蟲自身的生長階段和生活策略、餌料中元素比例及溫度的影響。纖毛蟲的單位體重排氮率為0.25~178μg N(mg DW)~(-1)h~(-1),最大排氮率為1.59×10-7~1.2×10-4μg NH4+N cell~(-1)h~(-1);單位體重排磷率為13~363μg P(mg DW)~(-1)h~(-1),最大排磷率為0~1.3×10-5μg P cell~(-1)h~(-1)。影響纖毛蟲排泄率和再生速率的主要因素為纖毛蟲生長階段和溫度。自然海區(qū)測定微型浮游生物對營養(yǎng)鹽的再生的方法主要為同位素稀釋法,此外還可以根據(jù)其他資料推算微型浮游生物的營養(yǎng)鹽再生速率及產(chǎn)生率以反映再生能力。多數(shù)野外實驗結果證明微型浮游動物是營養(yǎng)鹽主要的再生者。
[Abstract]:The marine microphytoplankton food web consists of viruses, bacteria, chlorella cyanobacteria, prochlorophyte, pico-autotrophic eukaryotes, micro-zooplankton (mixed nutrition and heterotrophic flagellates, ciliates) and other biological groups, including viruses, Heterotrophic organisms such as bacteria and microzooplankton are important contributors to the regeneration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ocean. The absorption or release of nutrients by bacteria in the ocean depends on the proportion of bacteria to elements in the substrate. In most sea areas, heterotrophic bacteria absorb nutrients. Viruses release substances from host cells mainly by dissolving the host cells, and most of the nutrient elements released are organic compounds. The regeneration of nutrients in microzooplankton is mainly accomplished by excretion. At present, there are few studies on the determination of excretion rate of micro-zooplankton in laboratory. There are two main difficulties in the study: first, The indoor culture of microzooplankton is difficult. Secondly, it is difficult to determine the metabolic rate of microzooplankton. According to the results of previous studies, the nitrogen excretion rate per unit body weight of flagellate is 2.840 渭 g / N(mg DWWN, the maximum nitrogen excretion rate is 7.0 脳 10 ~ (-9) ~ 13.8 脳 10 ~ (-6) 渭 g / g NH4 ~ (-1) NH4 ~ (-1), the regeneration efficiency is 0 ~ 100 ~ (-1), the maximum phosphorus excretion rate is 3.8 脳 10 ~ (-96.6) 脳 10 ~ (-7) 渭 g / g P cell _ (1) / h ~ (-1), and the regeneration efficiency is 0.100 ~ (-1). The nutrient excretion rate and regeneration efficiency of flagellate were affected by the growth stage and living strategy of flagellate, the proportion of elements in diet and temperature. The nitrogen excretion rate per unit body weight of ciliates was 0.25 ~ 178 渭 g / N(mg DWH ~ (-1), and the maximum nitrogen excretion rate was 1.59 脳 10 ~ (-7) 渭 g / g NH4 N cell P ~ (-1) ~ (-1), the phosphorus excretion rate per unit body weight was 13 ~ (363) 渭 g / g P(mg DWW ~ (-1) / h ~ (-1), and the maximum phosphorus excretion rate was 0.1.3 脳 10 ~ (-5) 渭 g / h ~ (-1) P ~ (-1) / h ~ (-1). The main factors affecting the excretion rate and regeneration rate of ciliates were the growth stage and temperature of ciliates. Isotopic dilution method is the main method for determining the regeneration of nutrient salts by microplankton in the natural sea area. In addition, the regeneration rate and production rate of nutrient salts of micro-plankton can be calculated according to other data to reflect the regeneration ability. The results of most field experiments show that microzooplankton is the main regenerator of nutrients.
【作者單位】： 中國科學院海洋研究所海洋生態(tài)和環(huán)境科學重點實驗室;青島海洋科學與技術國家實驗室海洋生態(tài)與環(huán)境科學功能實驗室;中國科學院大學;
【基金】：中國科學院戰(zhàn)略性先導科技專項(XDA11030202.2) 973項目(2014CB441504)
【分類號】：Q178.53;P734.44
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本文編號：1961481