本文選題：托管架設(shè)計(jì) + 深水S型鋪設(shè)方法��； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：在深水海洋油氣開發(fā)中,海底管道的鋪設(shè)面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。對于大口徑管道深水鋪設(shè),如果采用傳統(tǒng)的S型鋪設(shè)方法,管道的上彎段要承受很大的彎曲變形。為了克服這一問題,人們提出了J型鋪設(shè)法的概念,但是J型鋪設(shè)缺點(diǎn)是鋪設(shè)效率很低。近年來,人們在深水大口徑S型管道鋪設(shè)方面取得了突破,其中關(guān)鍵在于托管架設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)。然而,采用深水S型鋪設(shè)仍存在很大的風(fēng)險,尤其是深水托管架設(shè)計(jì)仍存在許多不確定的因素,特別是在基本設(shè)計(jì)層面。 深水托管架包括主結(jié)構(gòu)與輔助結(jié)構(gòu)。主結(jié)構(gòu)的作用是為管道的上彎段提供幾何邊界條件,也是托管架設(shè)計(jì)的主要研究工作。托管架主結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡化為一個曲梁結(jié)構(gòu),而梁的長度與剛度是基本設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)。為了對保證管道上彎段的約束,托管架要有足的弧長,同時也要有足夠的剛度。 深水托管架的設(shè)計(jì)荷載主要有托輥載荷與船體運(yùn)動引起的慣性載荷。大口徑管道深水鋪設(shè)的上彎段,通過托輥對托管架施加了很大的重力荷載,而船體運(yùn)動導(dǎo)致了該荷載分布狀態(tài)及幅值變化的不確定性；且托管架主要參數(shù)又與管道參數(shù)和張緊力相關(guān),目前這些設(shè)計(jì)參量之間的相互關(guān)系尚無明確的表達(dá)式描述。這使得托管架設(shè)計(jì)缺少相應(yīng)的分析及設(shè)計(jì)理論。 針對托管架基本設(shè)計(jì)中涉及的復(fù)雜問題,本文首先分析了托管架基本參數(shù)與管道之間的關(guān)系。通過對下彎段分析,得到了其頂端設(shè)計(jì)張力及脫離角度的表達(dá)式,并以此為邊界條件對上彎段分析,獲得了上彎段管道與托管架基本設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系,得到了托管架基本參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)模型,包括托管架曲率半徑及長度,托輥幾何參數(shù),以及作用在托輥上的靜載荷；通過將托管架結(jié)構(gòu)剛度凝聚到基本設(shè)計(jì)中得到的離散點(diǎn)上,在這些點(diǎn)與管道之間設(shè)置間隙單元,得到了托管架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)剛度快速驗(yàn)證模型。這樣利用數(shù)值分析解決了托管架基本設(shè)計(jì)中托管架幾何參數(shù)、托管架剛度和管道之間的相互關(guān)系。其次,針對鋪設(shè)時船體運(yùn)動引起的動態(tài)接觸以及托管架設(shè)計(jì)動荷載,提出了深水托管架子結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)方法,將托管架及上彎段管道作為一個子結(jié)構(gòu),將下彎段管道及鋪管船簡化為該子結(jié)構(gòu)的等效輸入和集中質(zhì)量,而不必考慮其具體物理模型,解決了深水托管架試驗(yàn)幾何比尺選擇的問題。利用該試驗(yàn)方法分析了托管架設(shè)計(jì)動載荷的分布狀態(tài),定義了動載荷放大因子,得到了既定船體運(yùn)動下托管架設(shè)計(jì)載荷的放大因子包絡(luò),為托管架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)動載荷的選取提供了借鑒。最后,在模型試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對托管架結(jié)構(gòu)壽命進(jìn)行了預(yù)測,并基于管道分析及托管架設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)論提出了基于托管架數(shù)值模型的管道鋪設(shè)實(shí)時安全監(jiān)測方案。該方案可通過采集實(shí)時鋪設(shè)數(shù)據(jù)即時判斷管道與托管架安全狀態(tài),這對于實(shí)際管道鋪設(shè)工程具有重要的保障作用。 通過數(shù)值分析及模型試驗(yàn),解決了托管架基本設(shè)計(jì)過程中鋪設(shè)參數(shù)之間的相互關(guān)系、托輥載荷等力學(xué)問題,制定了托管架設(shè)計(jì)流程,提出了實(shí)時鋪設(shè)的安全監(jiān)測及預(yù)警方案,形成了深水托管架設(shè)計(jì)及分析體系,為深水管道S型鋪設(shè)技術(shù)及核心設(shè)備托管架設(shè)計(jì)提供了技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:In deepwater offshore oil and gas development , the laying of submarine pipelines is faced with great challenges . In order to overcome this problem , the concept of J - type laying is proposed . In order to overcome this problem , the concept of J - type laying is put forward . In recent years , there is a great risk for the laying of large - caliber S - type pipeline in deep water . In recent years , there is still a great risk in the application of deep - water S - type laying . However , there are still many uncertain factors in the design of deep - water S - type pipeline , especially at the basic design level .

The main structure can be simplified into a curved beam structure , and the length and rigidity of the beam are the key parameters of basic design .

The design load of the deep water pipe supports the inertia loads caused by the load of the idler rollers and the movement of the hull . The upper bending section of the large - caliber pipeline deep water is applied with a great gravity load on the hosting rack through the supporting roller , and the ship motion results in the uncertainty of the load distribution state and the amplitude variation ;
In addition , the main parameters of the pipe rack are related to the pipe parameters and the tension force , and there is no explicit expression description of the relation between these design parameters . This makes the design of the managed frame lack the corresponding analysis and design theory .

In view of the complex problems involved in the basic design of the rack , this paper first analyzes the relationship between the basic parameters of the rack and the pipe . Through the analysis of the lower bending section , the relations between the design parameters of the top bending section and the basic design parameters of the pipe rack are obtained . The design model of the basic parameters of the managed frame is obtained , including the radius and length of the curvature radius and the length of the hosting frame , the geometric parameters of the idler roller and the static load acting on the supporting roller ;
Based on the model test , this paper presents a method for testing the design stiffness of a managed frame , and then proposes a real - time safety monitoring scheme for pipeline laying based on the numerical model of the managed frame .

Through numerical analysis and model test , the relations between the laying parameters and the load of the supporting roller in the basic design process of the rack are solved , the design flow of the hosting rack is established , the safety monitoring and early warning scheme for the real - time laying is put forward , and the design and analysis system of the deep water pipe rack is formed , and technical support is provided for the design of the S - type laying technology of the deep water pipeline and the design of the core equipment hosting rack .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P756.2

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