本文選題：溢油分散劑 + 波浪槽�。� 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：溢油分散劑的使用是目前主要的溢油事故應(yīng)急手段之一。其使用效果評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)主要為分散效率及處理后乳化液油滴粒徑。當(dāng)前溢油分散劑的評(píng)價(jià)方法主要為實(shí)驗(yàn)室小規(guī)模試驗(yàn),但該類方法與自然條件差異較大,為了使測(cè)試條件體現(xiàn)出海洋的水動(dòng)力條件,本文使用了波浪槽實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定分散效率和乳化液中油滴粒徑,并分析其這兩個(gè)指標(biāo)的影響因素,以期為分散劑在實(shí)際海況下的實(shí)際應(yīng)用提供依據(jù)。本文利用紅外測(cè)油儀分析了GM-2型分散劑和微普生物型分散劑在不同條件下處理120#船用燃料油的分散效率,結(jié)果表明：對(duì)比空白組,使用GM-2分散劑可使分散效率增加約1.3至4.7倍,微普分散劑約0.2至0.7倍。提高溫度和分散劑與油配比(DOR)均能提高分散效率,這兩者對(duì)分散劑配比的影響關(guān)系均不呈線性,由于15℃至20℃區(qū)間油粘度迅速減小,GM-2分散劑在15℃至20℃區(qū)間分散效率增加為26%-37%,在20℃至25℃增加約10%-14%；而微普分散劑前者增加了10%-17%,后者增加了3%-9%；在20℃時(shí),GM-2分散劑分散效率隨DOR為10%、20%和30%依次環(huán)比增長(zhǎng)約57%和25%,微普分散劑環(huán)比增長(zhǎng)約18%和7%。推波頻率的變化對(duì)最終分散效率影響較小。本文還測(cè)定了不同取樣深度下的分散效率變化情況,結(jié)果表明：液面下3cm處的瞬時(shí)分散效率約為液面下10cm處的1.2至1.5倍,30min后兩者趨近,最終乳化液濃度較淺處略大于較深處。本文進(jìn)一步研究了不同條件下使用GM-2型分散劑后乳化液中油滴粒徑的分布情況,計(jì)算其方差以及平均粒徑并進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,結(jié)果表明：船用120#燃料油在不使用分散劑的情況下最終油滴粒徑大小維持在20μm至30μm,在DOR為20%到30%的情況下,油滴粒徑可被分散為51μm至10μm。但分散劑的使用達(dá)到20%以上之后,增加用量粒徑減小并不明顯；溫度是影響油滴粒徑的另一重要因素,乳化液中油滴粒徑隨溫度升高而下降,其中15℃至20℃區(qū)間由于油粘度減小迅速,粒徑減小速度明顯。此外,本研究還證明了波浪條件對(duì)于乳化液油滴粒徑的重要影響：在加入分散劑的情況下,更快的波浪頻率可加快油滴粒徑的細(xì)化過程,對(duì)比無波浪條件,乳化液油滴的平均粒徑可由20μm至30μm降至10μm以下。
[Abstract]:The use of oil spill dispersant is one of the main emergency measures for oil spill accidents. The evaluation index of its application effect is mainly the dispersing efficiency and the particle size of the treated emulsion oil droplet. At present, the evaluation methods of oil spill dispersant are mainly laboratory small-scale tests, but there is a great difference between these methods and natural conditions. In order to make the test conditions reflect the hydrodynamic conditions of the sea, In this paper, the dispersion efficiency and oil droplet diameter in emulsion were measured by wave trough experiment, and the influencing factors of these two indexes were analyzed in order to provide the basis for the practical application of dispersant in the actual sea condition. In this paper, the dispersion efficiency of 120 # marine fuel oil treated with GM-2 dispersant and microbiological dispersant under different conditions is analyzed by using infrared oil analyzer. The results show that the dispersion efficiency of 120 # marine fuel oil treated with GM-2 dispersant can be increased by 1.3 to 4.7 times compared with the blank group. Microdispersant is about 0.2 to 0.7 times. Increasing the temperature and the ratio of dispersant to oil can improve the dispersing efficiency, and the relationship between them is not linear. Because of the rapid decrease of oil viscosity between 15 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1928314