本文選題：孤立波 + 板式結(jié)構(gòu)�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：海洋工程結(jié)構(gòu)物在大幅波浪環(huán)境中通常會遭遇非常復雜的強非線性水動力現(xiàn)象,對這一過程涉及的物理機理和流場特性的研究是波浪與結(jié)構(gòu)物相互作用問題的關(guān)鍵難點。理論解析對強非線性問題已極難實現(xiàn),而模型實驗又受限于高昂的成本和尺度效應,基于粘性流理論的CFD方法因此被認為更擅長于極端波浪對結(jié)構(gòu)物沖擊問題的求解。海洋工程設施中通常含有大量的板式結(jié)構(gòu),大幅波浪條件下板式結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞機理和流場分布特征目前尚未得到完整的闡釋。首先,本文通過求解粘性流N-S方程,在正交笛卡爾坐標系上建立了可處理強非線性問題的多相流數(shù)值模型。當前流場求解器采用具有三階時空精度的CIP(Constrained Interpolation Profile)方法離散求解對流項;采用中心差分法數(shù)值處理擴散項;采用超松弛迭代法計算壓力Poisson方程。對于多相流模型中的界面處理,選擇高精度THINC(Hyperbola for Interface Capturing)法捕捉自由面,使用虛擬粒子法精確重構(gòu)固體的幾何形狀。通過數(shù)值模擬正弦波和孤立波的生成與傳播,驗證了本模型具有良好的時空收斂性、數(shù)值穩(wěn)定性和造波性能。之后,基于上述建立的多相流模型,研究了孤立波與板式結(jié)構(gòu)物的相互作用問題,包括固定的水平板結(jié)構(gòu)和垂向板結(jié)構(gòu)。對于孤立波對水平板的砰擊作用,重點研究了結(jié)構(gòu)物上的波浪載荷分布特性。通過與現(xiàn)有實驗數(shù)據(jù)和其他數(shù)值結(jié)果進行對比,驗證了當前數(shù)值模型的水動力預報性能,并進一步討論分析了越浪、波浪破碎等現(xiàn)象對結(jié)構(gòu)物波浪載荷分布的影響。孤立波對垂向板結(jié)構(gòu)沖擊過程的數(shù)值研究則重點關(guān)注模型的自由面運動和流場分布特征。根據(jù)已有的模型實驗,對當前模型模擬精細流場特征和計算強非線性自由面運動的可靠性和精度進行驗證與說明。此外還深入研究了結(jié)構(gòu)物的幾何參數(shù)對自由面運動和波浪傳播特性的影響,以及速度域和壓力場等流場特征的分布與變化規(guī)律。本研究對孤立波與板式結(jié)構(gòu)物相互作用問題開展了充分的數(shù)值驗證工作和詳細的物理機理分析。當前研究結(jié)果表明本文建立的數(shù)值模型可以比較理想地處理孤立波對板式結(jié)構(gòu)的沖擊問題,數(shù)值結(jié)果與實驗數(shù)據(jù)對于大多數(shù)算例比較吻合,數(shù)值模擬可以比較精確地反映實際流場的自由面運動和分布特征,數(shù)值模型可以為板式結(jié)構(gòu)物提供定量、可靠的水動力預報。本文通過對當前數(shù)值模擬和計算結(jié)果的討論分析得到的相關(guān)結(jié)論對于海洋工程結(jié)構(gòu)物的設計與建造具有一定的參考價值和指導意義。
[Abstract]:Marine engineering structures usually encounter very complex nonlinear hydrodynamic phenomena in large wave environments. The study of the physical mechanism and current field characteristics involved in this process is a key difficulty in the interaction between waves and structures. Theoretical analysis is very difficult to solve strongly nonlinear problems, and model experiments are limited by high cost and scale effect. Therefore, the CFD method based on viscous flow theory is considered to be better at solving extreme wave impact problems on structures. Offshore engineering facilities usually contain a large number of plate structures. At present, the failure mechanism and current distribution characteristics of plate structures under large wave conditions have not been fully explained. Firstly, by solving the N-S equation of viscous flow, a numerical model of multiphase flow is established in orthogonal Cartesian coordinate system to deal with strongly nonlinear problems. The current flow field solver uses the CIP(Constrained Interpolation profile method with third-order space-time accuracy to solve the convection term discretely; the central difference method is used to numerically process the diffusion term; and the overrelaxation iterative method is used to calculate the pressure Poisson equation. For the interface processing in the multiphase flow model, the high precision THINC(Hyperbola for Interface Capturing) method is chosen to capture the free surface and the virtual particle method is used to accurately reconstruct the geometry of the solid. The generation and propagation of sinusoidal and solitary waves are numerically simulated, and it is proved that the model has good spatiotemporal convergence, numerical stability and wave-making performance. Then, based on the multiphase flow model, the interaction between solitary wave and plate structure is studied, including the fixed horizontal plate structure and vertical plate structure. For the slamming effect of solitary waves on horizontal plates, the distribution of wave loads on structures is studied. By comparing with the existing experimental data and other numerical results, the hydrodynamic prediction performance of the current numerical model is verified, and the effects of wave surges and wave breakage on the wave load distribution of structures are discussed and analyzed. The numerical study of the impact process of solitary waves on vertical plate structures focuses on the free surface motion and flow field distribution of the model. According to the existing model experiments, the reliability and accuracy of simulating the fine flow field and calculating the strong nonlinear free surface motion of the current model are verified and explained. In addition, the effects of geometric parameters of structures on the characteristics of free surface motion and wave propagation, as well as the distribution and variation of flow field characteristics such as velocity domain and pressure field, are also studied. In this study, numerical verification and detailed analysis of the physical mechanism of the interaction between solitary waves and plate structures have been carried out. The present research results show that the numerical model established in this paper can deal with the impact of solitary wave on plate structure perfectly, and the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data for most examples. The numerical simulation can accurately reflect the free surface motion and distribution characteristics of the actual flow field, and the numerical model can provide quantitative and reliable hydrodynamic prediction for plate structures. The conclusions obtained in this paper through the discussion and analysis of the current numerical simulation and calculation results have certain reference value and guiding significance for the design and construction of marine engineering structures.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U661.1;P75

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