本文選題：海洋飛沫 + 拖曳系數(shù)��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人類對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)研究的不斷深入,高風(fēng)速下海洋飛沫的生成及其對(duì)海-氣相互作用的影響越來越被廣大學(xué)者所關(guān)注。飛沫的存在改變了海-氣界面的組成狀態(tài),在海面形成水滴蒸發(fā)層,進(jìn)而影響海-氣之間的動(dòng)量通量和熱通量。研究并準(zhǔn)確地參數(shù)化海洋飛沫對(duì)海-氣相互作用的影響,對(duì)提高臺(tái)風(fēng)預(yù)報(bào)的準(zhǔn)確性和海上平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)建造水平起著重要作用。本文基于已有的觀測(cè)資料和研究成果,對(duì)海洋飛沫的生成機(jī)制進(jìn)行探討,并運(yùn)用大渦模擬方法對(duì)海洋飛沫的生成進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬。通過數(shù)據(jù)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：海洋飛沫生成以后以有效波高為中心向四周擴(kuò)散,并沿垂向大致呈正態(tài)分布；隨著風(fēng)速的增大,生成的飛沫數(shù)量逐漸增多,但在垂向的變化趨勢(shì)并沒有改變。為了更好地分析影響飛沫生成的因素,本文在對(duì)Fairall實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合現(xiàn)有方案,對(duì)飛沫生成函數(shù)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步考量和改進(jìn)。綜合考慮了風(fēng)速和波浪狀態(tài)的影響,并根據(jù)飛沫生成機(jī)制,擴(kuò)大飛沫參數(shù)化范圍,得到了新的飛沫生成函數(shù),其半徑覆蓋范圍更大,變化趨勢(shì)和數(shù)量級(jí)都與觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)更加吻合。本文還就飛沫對(duì)于臺(tái)風(fēng)的影響展開了討論。飛沫的存在改變了海-氣界面的接觸狀態(tài),尤其在高風(fēng)速下,生成的飛沫的數(shù)量以及飛沫層的厚度都達(dá)到了一定的程度,改變了海-氣之間的摩擦狀態(tài),使得在高風(fēng)速下,拖曳系數(shù)不僅不會(huì)持續(xù)增加,反而有逐漸減小的趨勢(shì)。飛沫的存在增大了海-氣之間熱通量的交換面積,在一定程度上帶來了感熱和潛熱通量的改變及其在總熱通量中所占比例的變化,從而使得焓交換系數(shù)持續(xù)增加。焓交換系數(shù)和拖曳系數(shù)的比值隨著風(fēng)速的增大,增長(zhǎng)率逐漸上升,這也是臺(tái)風(fēng)形成的必要條件。
[Abstract]:With the development of typhoon research, more and more scholars pay attention to the formation of ocean droplets under high wind speed and its influence on air-sea interaction. The presence of droplets changes the composition of the air-sea interface and forms a droplet evaporation layer on the sea surface, which in turn affects the momentum flux and heat flux between the sea and air. To study and accurately parameterize the influence of ocean droplets on the air-sea interaction plays an important role in improving the accuracy of typhoon prediction and the level of design and construction of offshore platforms. Based on the existing observation data and research results, the mechanism of droplet formation is discussed in this paper, and the large eddy simulation method is used to simulate the formation of ocean droplets. Through the analysis of data, it is found that after the formation of ocean droplets, the effective wave height is taken as the center of diffusion, and the vertical distribution is approximately normal, and with the increase of wind speed, the amount of droplets generated increases gradually. But the trend of vertical change has not changed. In order to better analyze the factors that affect the droplet formation, this paper further considers and improves the droplet generation function based on the analysis of the measured data of Fairall and the existing schemes. The influence of wind speed and wave state is considered synthetically. According to the mechanism of droplet formation, the parameterized range of droplet is enlarged, and a new droplet generating function is obtained, whose radius coverage is larger, and the variation trend and order of magnitude are more consistent with the observed data. The effect of droplets on typhoon is also discussed. The presence of droplets changes the contact state of the air-sea interface, especially at high wind speed, the amount of droplets generated and the thickness of the droplet layer reach a certain degree, which changes the frictional state between the sea and the air, resulting in high wind speed. The drag coefficient does not increase continuously, but decreases gradually. The existence of droplets increases the exchange area of heat flux between sea and air, and to some extent brings about the change of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux and the change of the proportion of total heat flux, which makes the enthalpy exchange coefficient increase continuously. The ratio of enthalpy exchange coefficient and drag coefficient increases gradually with the increase of wind speed, which is also a necessary condition for the formation of typhoon.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P732

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