本文選題：重金屬 + 底棲生物��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院（海洋研究所）》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：海洋沉積物作為陸源物質(zhì)的主要接收地，在海洋物質(zhì)循環(huán)中占據(jù)極為重要的地位，海洋沉積物的環(huán)境質(zhì)量與水體及生物群落息息相關(guān)，對海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)運轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)生影響，所以，科學(xué)客觀地表征海洋沉積物的環(huán)境質(zhì)量至關(guān)重要本學(xué)位論文在揭示渤海典型河口和海灣沉積物中重金屬與底棲生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)耦合特征的基礎(chǔ)上，系統(tǒng)開展了沉積物指標篩選評價閾值和評價方法的解析，構(gòu)建了海洋沉積物環(huán)境質(zhì)量新型綜合評價體系獲得了如下的主要結(jié)論： 1．渤海沉積物中重金屬含量水平與底棲生物群落具有對應(yīng)關(guān)系，底棲生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)受重金屬的影響具有顯著的區(qū)域性差異，渤海灣底棲生物群落分布顯著受As影響，為As提供了群落水平上的關(guān)鍵生態(tài)相關(guān)性證據(jù)；萊州灣底棲生物在Zn含量較高的站位數(shù)量較多，顯示在低含量水平下Zn對生物生長的促進作用；錦州灣底棲生物群落受Cu Pb Zn和Cd等重金屬嚴重污染影響，結(jié)構(gòu)和功能受到嚴重損害，難以在該海域生存 渤海灣沉積物金屬含量明顯反映了沿岸人為活動的影響，南部遠岸區(qū)站位底棲生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)顯著受到重金屬影響，多樣性較低，軟體動物占絕對優(yōu)勢地位典則對應(yīng)分析(Canonical correspondence analysis，簡稱CCA)分析結(jié)果表明Zn對近岸海域底棲生物的分布影響較大，As和Hg對南部海域的底棲生物的影響也較為顯著，其中As與底棲生物群落分布顯著相關(guān)(F=1.988，P=0.0260)，這為As提供了群落水平上的關(guān)鍵生態(tài)相關(guān)性證據(jù) 萊州灣沉積物中重金屬具有人為源和自然源，其中河流徑流為主要輸入途徑，相關(guān)性分析顯示Cu和As可能具有相同來源重金屬(Metals-PC1)底棲生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)(DIM1)無顯著統(tǒng)計相關(guān)性，表明相較于重金屬，由河流輸入引起的物理棲息環(huán)境變化是影響底棲群落結(jié)構(gòu)更重要的因素統(tǒng)計分析還顯示Zn與物種總豐度具有顯著相關(guān)性(rs=0.646, P0.01)，這表明底棲生物在Zn含量較高的站位數(shù)量較多黃河口表層沉積物重金屬含量水平整體較低的情況下，，統(tǒng)計分析表明生物量大的底棲生物(軟體動物)在重金屬含量較高的站位數(shù)量較多 錦州灣生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能嚴重退化，其沉積物中的Cu Pb Zn和Cd等長期處于高風(fēng)險水平，其中尤以灣內(nèi)靠近五里河排污口和葫蘆島鋅廠的站位顯著，對海洋生態(tài)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成了嚴重的影響底棲生物調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示僅在零星站位發(fā)現(xiàn)極個別的底棲生物，表明在重金屬嚴重污染的影響下，底棲生物仍難以在該海域生存，顯示錦州灣沉積物中重金屬污染嚴重 2．基于沉積物化學(xué)-底棲生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)耦合關(guān)系，以底棲生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)變化與否作為沉積物環(huán)境質(zhì)量好壞標準的沉積物環(huán)境質(zhì)量綜合評價結(jié)果顯示，渤海(除錦州灣外)沉積物環(huán)境質(zhì)量并未如先前人們所熟知的那么惡劣 在渤海，渤海灣中部渤海中部以及萊州灣西部的沉積物環(huán)境質(zhì)量普遍較好，而沉積物環(huán)境質(zhì)量較差的站位僅分布于渤海灣南部黃河河口附近小清河口及萊州灣北部，其中渤海灣南部海域沉積物質(zhì)量較差與高含量Hg的影響有關(guān)，萊州灣中北部沉積物質(zhì)量較差與沉積物中高含量的Cu和As的影響有關(guān)，而黃河河口附近和萊州灣部分海域沉積物質(zhì)量較差主要原因可能與以河流輸入為主導(dǎo)的物理脅迫因子有關(guān)從這些海域的沉積物綜合評價結(jié)果整體評判，沉積物質(zhì)量較差的區(qū)域并不多，且從歷史數(shù)據(jù)對分析可知，這些海域沉積物物中重金屬水平均有顯著下降的趨勢，因此，渤海(除錦州灣外)沉積物環(huán)境質(zhì)量并沒有像先前人們所熟知的那么惡劣 3．基于沉積物化學(xué)-底棲生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)耦合關(guān)系，構(gòu)建了海洋沉積物環(huán)境質(zhì)量新型綜合評價體系，包括篩選出5個組別共18種傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)致污物和10種備選的新興致污物的化學(xué)指標體系，構(gòu)建了評價閾值，制定了綜合評價指數(shù)(IQI) 系統(tǒng)分析了化學(xué)評價指標的生態(tài)相關(guān)性，篩選出了5個組別共18種傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)致污物和10種備選的新興致污物的新型指標體系；基于柱狀沉積物中重金屬百年前含量，計算并確定了渤海不同區(qū)域的背景值；構(gòu)建了以9個TECs8個PECs為基礎(chǔ)，包含我國近海沉積物區(qū)域特征的一致性沉積物質(zhì)量參考值；以渤海沉積物環(huán)境質(zhì)量綜合評價結(jié)果為依據(jù)，基于證據(jù)權(quán)重思想，構(gòu)建了綜合評價指數(shù)(IQI)
[Abstract]:As the main source of marine sediments , marine sediments occupy a very important position in the circulation of marine matter . The environmental quality of marine sediments is closely related to the water and biological communities . Therefore , it is very important to scientifically and objectively characterize the structural coupling characteristics of heavy metals and benthos in the typical estuary and bay sediments of the Bohai Sea .

1 . The content of heavy metals in the sediments of Bohai Sea has a corresponding relationship with benthos community , and the structure of benthos is influenced by heavy metals . The distribution of benthos community in Bohai Bay is significantly affected by As , which provides the key ecological correlation evidence for As .
The level of Zn in benthos in Laizhou Bay is higher , which shows that Zn can promote the growth of organisms at low levels .
It is difficult to survive in the sea area due to the serious pollution of heavy metals such as Cu , Pb , Zn , Cd and other heavy metals in the benthos community in Jinzhouwan Bay .

The metal contents of sediment in the Bohai Bay reflect the influence of anthropogenic activities along the coast . The structure of the benthos community in the southern coastal area is significantly affected by heavy metals , the diversity is low , and the mollusks account for the dominant position of the benthos in the coastal waters . As a result , the distribution of As and Hg is significantly related to the benthos in the southern sea area ( F = 1.988 , P = 0.0260 ) , which provides the key ecological correlation evidence for As in the community level .

Heavy metals in the sediments of Laizhou Bay have artificial sources and natural sources , in which river runoff is the main input route , and the correlation analysis shows that Cu and As may have the same source heavy metal ( Metals - PC1 ) benthic community structure ( DIM1 ) has no significant statistical correlation , which indicates that the change of physical habitat environment caused by river input is a more important factor affecting the structure of benthic communities ( rs = 0.646 , P0.01 ) . This indicates that the benthic organism ( mollusk ) with higher Zn content has a significant correlation with the total abundance of heavy metals ( rs = 0.646 , P0.01 ) .

The ecological system structure and function of Jinzhou Bay are seriously degraded , Cu Pb Zn and Cd in sediments are at high risk level for a long time .

2 . Based on the relationship of sediment chemistry - benthos community structure coupling , the environmental quality of sediments in the Bohai Sea ( except Jinzhouwan ) is not as bad as that of the previous people .

In the Bohai Sea , the sediment quality is generally better in the middle of the Bohai Sea in the middle of the Bohai Sea and in the west of the Laizhou Bay . The lower sediment quality in the southern Yellow River is related to the high content of Cu and As in the south of the Bohai Bay . The main reason for the poor sediment quality in the south of the Yellow River is not much related to the high content of Cu and As in the sediments , and it can be seen from the historical data that the environmental quality of the sediments in the Bohai Sea ( except the Jinzhouwan ) is not as bad as that of the previous people .

3 . Based on the relationship of sediment chemistry - benthos community structure coupling , a new comprehensive evaluation system for marine sediment environment quality was constructed .

This paper systematically analyzes the ecological relevance of chemical evaluation index , and filters out a new index system of 18 kinds of traditional chemical pollutants and 10 alternative newly developed soils .
The background values of different regions in the Bohai Sea are calculated and determined based on the pre - century contents of heavy metals in columnar sediments ;
Based on 9 TECs 8 PECs , the consistency sediment quality reference value of the regional characteristics of offshore sediment in China is constructed .
Based on the results of comprehensive evaluation of environmental quality in Bohai Sea sediment , based on the evidence weight thought , a comprehensive evaluation index ( IQI ) was constructed .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（海洋研究所）
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P736.21

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