本文選題：近岸海域 + 水質(zhì)評價��； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,江蘇省海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅猛,但同時也帶來了海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境加劇惡化的問題,海水作為海岸帶生產(chǎn)活動污染物的直接受納水體,其特征的分析研究對于海洋開發(fā)活動的有效管理和海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)工作的開展具有重要指導(dǎo)意義。 本研究通過江蘇省近岸海域多年水質(zhì)資料的對比分析,探討近岸海域水質(zhì)和富營養(yǎng)變化特征及時空特性。在特征分析的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合海域地形地貌特征和開發(fā)利用情況,將江蘇近岸海域分為海州灣區(qū)、廢黃河三角洲區(qū)、輻射沙洲區(qū)三個子區(qū)域進(jìn)行污染成因的探究,得到的結(jié)論主要有： (1)無機(jī)氮、磷酸鹽為現(xiàn)狀江蘇近岸海域的主要污染物。江蘇近岸海域總體表現(xiàn)出由春季至秋季耗氧類污染減輕、營養(yǎng)鹽類污染加重的特征。連云港近岸主要為混合型污染海域,南通近岸為營養(yǎng)鹽類污染海域,鹽城近岸則表現(xiàn)為由混合型污染向營養(yǎng)鹽類污染過度的狀態(tài)。 江蘇沿海三市近岸海域現(xiàn)狀營養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)各不相同,連云港近岸海域由春季的“磷限制”為主逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榍锛镜母粻I養(yǎng)狀態(tài)占優(yōu)；鹽城海域均表現(xiàn)為富營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)占優(yōu),秋季小部分區(qū)域表現(xiàn)出“氮限制”特征；南通海域由春季至秋季呈現(xiàn)“復(fù)合型營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)—富營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)為主—氮限制狀態(tài)占優(yōu)”的變化趨勢。 (2)根據(jù)多年數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果,磷酸鹽與無機(jī)氮為歷年江蘇近岸海域主要污染物,無機(jī)氮含量總體穩(wěn)定,磷酸鹽濃度呈上升趨勢,且增幅顯著。江蘇近岸海域耗氧類污染“北重南輕”,主要污染區(qū)位于連云港贛榆縣近岸、灌河口至廢黃河口近岸海域；營養(yǎng)鹽類污染則表現(xiàn)出“南重北輕”的現(xiàn)象,污染最為頻繁的海域分布在鹽城與南通近岸海域交界處、遙望港閘至團(tuán)結(jié)閘近岸海域以及啟東市東側(cè)近岸海域。 連云港、南通近岸海域富營養(yǎng)化指數(shù)(EI值)呈上升趨勢,鹽城海域富營養(yǎng)化狀況近兩年總體有所好轉(zhuǎn)。多年來,富營養(yǎng)化頻發(fā)的區(qū)域主要分布于鹽城東臺河口至南通小洋口港近岸及如泰運(yùn)河河口(如東閘)至大洋港近岸海域。“十一五”前期,江蘇沿海三市N/P均偏高(與Redfield值相比),P限制性富營養(yǎng)化為主；近幾年間,鹽城與南通海域N/P呈下降趨勢,鹽城海域N/P降至正常水平,南通海域N/P出現(xiàn)低值,表現(xiàn)出N限制性富營養(yǎng)化特征。 (3)贛榆縣近岸及連云、徐圩港區(qū)為海州灣的重污染區(qū),漁業(yè)用海、交通運(yùn)輸用海對該區(qū)域水環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重影響,加之半開闊海灣的地形特征降低了污染物擴(kuò)散能力,使海州灣成為江蘇近岸海域污染較為嚴(yán)重的區(qū)域。 灌河口南側(cè)及中山河口為廢黃河三角洲區(qū)域的重污染區(qū),灌河、中山河排污、灌河口化工園區(qū)排污及中山河口外側(cè)灘涂排污傾倒用海對該區(qū)域水環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重影響,翻身河口及扁擔(dān)港口海域在海洋強(qiáng)動力作用下,污染不顯著。 新洋港口、小洋口港近岸、小廟洪尾部的東灶港、團(tuán)結(jié)閘近岸及啟東市東側(cè)近岸(長江口北側(cè))為輻射沙洲區(qū)域的重污染區(qū),上述區(qū)域的沿岸河口(射陽河口、新洋港、斗龍港、拼茶運(yùn)河、通呂運(yùn)河、通啟運(yùn)河、長江口北支)、交通運(yùn)輸用海(射陽港、洋口港、東灶港、呂四港)、排污傾倒用海(如東縣洋口化工園區(qū)排污用海)對輻射沙洲區(qū)的水環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重影響。離岸區(qū)域水道-沙洲組合形成的特殊地形和水動力特征對污染物的空間分布也起著重要作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the marine economy in Jiangsu has developed rapidly, but at the same time it has also brought about the aggravation of the marine ecological environment. As a direct receiving water body, the characteristics of seawater as the direct receiving water body of the pollutants in the coastal zone are of great guiding significance for the effective management of marine development activities and the development of marine ecological environment protection.
Through the comparative analysis of the water quality data of the coastal waters of Jiangsu Province, the characteristics of water quality and eutrophication in the coastal waters and its temporal and spatial characteristics are discussed. On the basis of the characteristics analysis, the coastal waters of Jiangsu are divided into the Haizhou Bay area, the waste the Yellow River Delta region and the three radiation Sandbar Area. The main conclusions of the study are the following:
(1) inorganic nitrogen and phosphate are the main pollutants in the current coastal waters of Jiangsu. The coastal waters of Jiangsu generally show the characteristics of reducing oxygen consumption in the spring and autumn and aggravating the pollution of nutrients. The near shore of Lianyungang is mainly mixed polluted sea area, the near shore of Nantong is a marine polluted sea area, and the near shore of Yancheng is a mixed type. The state of excessive pollution to the nutrient salts.
The nutritional structure of the coastal waters of the three coastal cities of Jiangsu is different. In the coastal waters of Lianyungang, the "phosphorus restriction" in the coastal waters of Lianyungang is gradually transformed into the dominant state of eutrophication in the autumn, and the eutrophic state of Yancheng sea area is dominant, and the small part of the autumn shows the characteristics of "nitrogen restriction" in the small part of the autumn, and the Nantong sea area is presented from spring to autumn. The changing trend of "compound nutritional state - eutrophication dominated nitrogen limitation dominance".
(2) according to the results of years of data analysis, phosphate and inorganic nitrogen are the main pollutants in the coastal waters of Jiangsu, and the content of inorganic nitrogen is generally stable. The concentration of phosphate is rising, and the increase is remarkable. The oxygen consumption in the coastal waters of Jiangsu is "north to the South light", the main polluted area is located near the shore of Ganyu County, Lianyungang, and the river estuary to the waste Yellow River estuary is near. The pollution of nutrition and salt shows the phenomenon of "south to North Light". The most frequently polluted sea area is located at the junction of Yancheng and Nantong near shore waters, looking from Gangzha to the coastal waters of United sluice and the east coast of the east of Qidong.
In Lianyungang, the eutrophication index (EI value) of the coastal waters of Nantong is on the rise, and the eutrophication status in Yancheng sea area has improved in the past two years. For years, the areas of frequent eutrophication are mainly distributed in the Yancheng Dongtai estuary to the near shore of the small mouth port of Nantong and the river estuary of the Tai canal (Rudong gate) to the offshore waters of the ocean port. "11th Five-Year". In the three coastal cities of Jiangsu, N/P is high (compared with Redfield value), and P restrictive eutrophication is the main factor. In recent years, the N/P of Yancheng and Nantong sea is decreasing, the N/P of Yancheng sea area is down to the normal level, and the N/P in the Nantong sea area is low, showing the N restrictive eutrophication characteristic.
(3) Ganyu County near shore and Lian Yun, the Xu Wei port area is the heavy pollution area of the Haizhou Bay. The fishing sea, transportation and transportation sea have a serious influence on the water environment in the region. In addition, the topography characteristics of the half open bay reduce the pollutant diffusion capacity, which makes the Haizhou Bay become a more polluted area in the coastal area of Jiangsu.
The southern side of the River Estuary and the Zhongshan estuary are heavy polluted areas in the abandoned the Yellow River Delta region, irrigation River, the sewage discharge of the middle mountain and the river, the sewage of the chemical park of the River Estuary and the dumping of the seaport in the beach of Zhongshan estuary have a serious effect on the water environment in this area.
Xinyang port, near shore of small Yangkou Port, Dong Zao port in the tail of Small Temple Hong Kong, United sluice near shore and near shore of the east side of Qidong (north side of the Yangtze River) is a heavily polluted area of the radiation sandbank region. The coastal estuaries (Sheyang estuary, Xinyang port, Longgang, Tonglu canal, Tonglu canal, tongqi canal, North Branch of Changjiang estuary), transportation and transportation sea (Sheyang port) The water environment of the sewerage area (Rudong County Yankou Chemical Industrial Park) has a serious impact on the water environment in the radiation Sandbar Area. The special topography and hydrodynamic characteristics of the offshore waterway sand bank combination also play an important role in the spatial distribution of pollutants.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X55

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