本文選題：溶存氣體 + 原位探測(cè)　； 參考：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)70年代，深海熱泉生物群落的發(fā)現(xiàn)揭開(kāi)了人類(lèi)探索和研究深海流體及其相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的序幕。深海熱液、冷泉及其相關(guān)領(lǐng)域迅速成為國(guó)際前沿研究熱點(diǎn)。隨著熱液硫化物礦藏、天然氣水合物礦藏和冷泉自生碳酸鹽沉淀現(xiàn)象的相繼發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們認(rèn)識(shí)到了深海流體具有的巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值和潛在的全球氣候影響因素。這就使得深海流體系統(tǒng)更加的引人關(guān)注。 研究深海流體系統(tǒng)有著多種多樣的方法，但包括拖曳在內(nèi)的傳統(tǒng)方法有著其不可避免的弊端，海底原位探測(cè)開(kāi)始受到科學(xué)家們的普遍青睞。由于深海流體中富含溶解態(tài)的甲烷、二氧化碳，分析這兩種氣體在深海的濃度和分布將非常有助于科學(xué)家對(duì)深海熱液、冷泉、深海油氣勘探等方面的研究。于是，甲烷和二氧化碳就成為了深海原位探測(cè)的一項(xiàng)重要指標(biāo)。 然而，常用的探測(cè)方法都需要將兩種氣體從海水中分離出來(lái)，針對(duì)這個(gè)情況，本文提出了使用真空脫氣提取海水溶存氣體的方法，設(shè)計(jì)了一套適用于深海原位溶存甲烷、二氧化碳長(zhǎng)期連續(xù)觀測(cè)需求的氣液分離系統(tǒng)。該技術(shù)可集成于光譜類(lèi)、電化學(xué)類(lèi)水下探測(cè)系統(tǒng)，為其提供更為精確的目標(biāo)檢測(cè)物，實(shí)現(xiàn)氣體含量的定量反演。 本文的主要工作包括以下幾個(gè)方面： （1）第一部分主要介紹了對(duì)海水中溶存氣體研究現(xiàn)狀，，分析了幾款目前常用的傳感器和探測(cè)系統(tǒng)；分析了海水中溶存甲烷、二氧化碳的主要成因和來(lái)源；闡述了探測(cè)和研究海底溶存甲烷、二氧化碳含量和分布的意義；介紹了現(xiàn)有脫氣方法及其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。 （2）第二部分主要介紹了本文所設(shè)計(jì)的氣液分離裝置所涉及的原理——真空脫氣原理和探測(cè)甲烷、二氧化碳所涉及的原理——紅外探測(cè)原理。 （3）第三部分詳細(xì)介紹了系統(tǒng)的搭建思路，主要結(jié)構(gòu)及工作流程；各個(gè)器件的工作原理和性能指標(biāo)；硬件電路的搭建和軟件編寫(xiě)的思路。對(duì)部分關(guān)鍵模塊進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的測(cè)試和實(shí)驗(yàn)，并對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析。 通過(guò)對(duì)系統(tǒng)主要功能模塊的初步實(shí)驗(yàn)，和對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析后，認(rèn)為該系統(tǒng)可以達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)目的，并且為以后的工作奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In the 1970s, the discovery of deep-sea hot spring biota opened the prelude to the exploration and study of deep-sea fluids and their related fields. Deep-sea hydrothermal, cold-spring and its related fields have rapidly become the international frontier research hotspot. With the discovery of hydrothermal sulphide deposits gas hydrate deposits and cold spring authigenic carbonate deposits it is recognized that deep-sea fluids have great economic value and potential global climate impact factors. This makes the deep-sea fluid system more interesting. There are a variety of methods to study deep-sea fluid systems, but the traditional methods, including towing, have their inevitable disadvantages. Because the deep-sea fluid is rich in dissolved methane and carbon dioxide, the analysis of the concentration and distribution of these two gases in the deep sea will be very helpful to the research of deep-sea hydrothermal solution, cold spring and deep-sea oil and gas exploration. As a result, methane and carbon dioxide have become an important indicator of deep-sea in situ detection. However, two kinds of gases need to be separated from seawater in common detection methods. In view of this situation, a method of extracting dissolved gas from seawater by vacuum degassing is proposed, and a set of methods suitable for in situ methane storage in deep sea is designed. Gas-liquid separation system for long-term continuous observation of carbon dioxide. This technique can be integrated into spectral and electrochemical underwater detection systems to provide a more accurate target detector and achieve quantitative inversion of gas content. The main work of this paper includes the following aspects: The first part mainly introduces the research status of dissolved gases in seawater, analyzes several commonly used sensors and detection systems, analyzes the main causes and sources of dissolved methane and carbon dioxide in seawater. The significance of detecting and studying the content and distribution of methane, carbon dioxide, and the advantages and disadvantages of existing degassing methods are described. In the second part, the principle of vacuum degassing and the principle of methane detection and carbon dioxide detection are introduced. The third part introduces the idea of the system in detail, the main structure and working flow, the working principle and performance index of each device, the construction of hardware circuit and the train of thought of software programming. Some key modules are tested and tested, and the experimental results are analyzed. Through the preliminary experiments of the main functional modules of the system and the analysis of the experimental results, it is considered that the system can achieve the purpose of design and lay a foundation for the future work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P714

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