發(fā)布時間：2018-05-01 11:18

  本文選題：南海 + 海岸線��； 參考：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：海岸線系指多年大潮平均高潮位時海洋與陸地的分界線,蘊含著豐富的地理與環(huán)境信息。因此,關(guān)于海岸線長度、海岸類型、空間分布及時域變化特征的研究與分析,對沿海灘涂及近岸海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境都有著重要的指示作用。本文以南海周邊9個國家相關(guān)岸段為研究區(qū)域,利用遙感和地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù),先后提取了2010年、2000年、1990年和1980年前后四期南海周邊海岸線,就南海周邊國家近30年海岸線時空變化特征進行了詳細論述。研究結(jié)論如下:1)近30年,南海周邊國家海岸線在人為開發(fā)和海陸相互作用的綜合影響下,海岸線長度動態(tài)變化顯著:在1:100000地圖比例尺下,1980年、1990年、2000年和2010年南海周邊海岸線長度分別為28835km、28445km、29355km和29247km,30年間總共增長了412km,總體呈增長趨勢;2)研究區(qū)海岸類型空間分布主要以砂質(zhì)岸線最多,約占整個岸線的30%,人工岸線所占比例從1980年的6.36%上升到了22.90%,每10年均增加1618km,自然岸線都呈減少趨勢,生物岸線減少了5.74%、基巖岸線減少了4.77%、粉砂淤泥質(zhì)岸線減少了3.88%、砂質(zhì)岸線減少了2.15%。3)南海周邊海岸線受人類開發(fā)作用顯著,其空間位置整體以向海推進趨勢為主,顯著變化岸段主要集中在中國珠江口段、越南紅河口段、新加坡段及菲律賓馬尼拉灣段等岸段,平均推進速度為11.69m/a;部分區(qū)域空間位置呈向陸后退趨勢,顯著變化岸段主要集中在越南中北部及湄公河口段、泰國曼谷灣段及印度尼西亞西北段等岸段,平均后退速度為4.60m/a。4)近30年,是南海周邊地區(qū)發(fā)展迅速的30年,海岸線變化區(qū)域特征顯著。其中,新加坡海岸開發(fā)強度最高,主要以港口碼頭建設(shè)為主;南海中的中國海岸開發(fā)主要集中在前期,主要以圍墾農(nóng)田和圍墾養(yǎng)殖為主,中、后期開發(fā)強度有所減緩,港口碼頭建設(shè)和城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)比例上升,海岸開發(fā)呈現(xiàn)多元化發(fā)展;其他國家除一些典型的重點開發(fā)岸段外,整體上尚未進入大規(guī)模凸向海的圍堤開發(fā)階段。5)中國珠江口段、越南紅河口段、泰國曼谷灣段、新加坡段及菲律賓馬尼拉灣段,是南海周邊近30年海岸線空間位置變化最為顯著的5個岸段:(1)上述岸段由于海岸線變化致使陸地面積凈增加1157.4km2,其主要原因是各岸段不同程度的圍填海工程造成的,而由于海岸侵蝕作用致使陸地面積損失約92.1km2。(2)上述5個典型岸段在前、中、后三個十年間,海岸開發(fā)時空異質(zhì)性顯著。其中,中國珠江口段前期海岸開發(fā)方式主要為圍墾農(nóng)田和圍墾養(yǎng)殖,中、后期港口碼頭建設(shè)和城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)比例上升;越南紅河口段前期海岸開發(fā)主要以圍墾農(nóng)田為主,中、后期則以圍墾養(yǎng)殖為主;圍墾養(yǎng)殖一直是泰國曼谷灣段海岸開發(fā)的主要方式,中、后期城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)比例有所加強;新加坡段海岸開發(fā)方式主要以港口碼頭建設(shè)為主,城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)為輔;圍墾養(yǎng)殖和港口碼頭建設(shè)是菲律賓馬尼拉灣海岸開發(fā)的主要方式。南海是我國最重要的海域之一,也是我國與世界各地相互聯(lián)系的重要海上通道。對于南海周邊海岸線時空變化特征的研究,有助于推動南海周邊海岸帶遙感的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展,有助于南海周邊國家海岸類型地質(zhì)構(gòu)造及地形地貌特征的認識,同時為國家尋求科學(xué)、合理地海岸資源管理與開發(fā)策略提供參考。
[Abstract]:The coastline refers to the boundary between the ocean and the land in the average high tide of the great tide, and contains abundant geographic and environmental information. Therefore, the study and analysis of the length of the coastline, the type of the coast, the spatial distribution and the change of the time domain have an important directive function on the coastal beach and the coastal marine ecological environment. By using remote sensing and geographic information system technology, the coastal lines of the South China Sea in 2010, 2000, 1990 and 1980 have been extracted by remote sensing and geographic information system technology. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the coastal lines in the surrounding countries around the South China Sea were discussed in detail. The conclusions are as follows: 1) the coastal lines around the South China Sea near the South China Sea for nearly 30 years. Under the synthetic influence of human exploitation and sea land interaction, the coastline length has a significant dynamic change: in 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010, the length of the coastline of the South China Sea is 28835km, 28445km, 29355km and 29247km in the scale of 1:100000 map. The total growth trend of the coastline in the South China Sea was increased in 30 years, and the overall growth trend was increased; 2) the coastal type of the study area was empty. The main distribution is the sandy shoreline, which accounts for about 30% of the whole coastline. The proportion of artificial coastline rises from 6.36% in 1980 to 22.90%, increasing 1618km in every 10 year, the natural coastline is decreasing, the biologic coastline is reduced by 5.74%, the bedrock coastline is reduced by 4.77%, the silt silt shoreline is reduced by 3.88%, the sandy shoreline is reduced by 2.15%.3). The coastal coastline of the South China Sea is greatly affected by human development, and its spatial position is dominated by the trend of advancing to the sea. The significant changes are mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Estuary of China, the red estuary of Vietnam, the Singapore section and the Manila Bay section of Philippines, the average propulsion speed is 11.69m /a, and the spatial position of some regions shows a trend of land retreat. The changing bank is mainly concentrated in North Central Vietnam and the Mekong estuary, the Bangkok Bay section of Thailand and the northwest section of Indonesia, the average back rate is 4.60m/a.4) for nearly 30 years. It is the rapid development of the surrounding areas of the South China Sea for 30 years, and the characteristics of the coastline change are remarkable. The development of the China coast in the South China Sea is mainly concentrated in the early stage, mainly by reclamation and reclamation, in the middle, the development intensity of the latter is slowed down, the construction of port wharves and the proportion of urban construction are rising, and the development of coastal development is diversified. .5, the Pearl River mouth section of China, the Vietnam Red estuary, the Bangkok Bay section of Thailand, the Singapore section and the Manila Bay section of Philippines, are the 5 most significant changes in the spatial location of the coastline in the near 30 years of the South China Sea. (1) the above shore section caused a net increase of 1157.4km2 on the land area due to the change of the coastline. Because of the different extent of coastal reclamation, the loss of land area caused by coastal erosion resulted in the loss of land area about 92.1km2. (2) of the above 5 typical banks in the former, middle, and the later three ten years, the coastal development of space-time heterogeneity is significant. The proportion of port wharf construction and urban construction is rising in the stage of port construction and urban construction, and in the early stage of Vietnam Red River Estuary, the main area of coastal development is reclaimed farmland, while reclamation is the main way in the later period, and reclamation is the main way of coastal development in Bangkok Bay section of Thailand. The construction of port wharf is the main part, town construction is supplemented, reclamation and port construction are the main ways of developing the coast of Manila Bay in Philippines. The South China Sea is one of the most important sea areas in China, and also an important sea channel interconnected with the world. The study on the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the Zhou Bianhai coastline in the South China Sea is helpful to promote The application and development of remote sensing on the coastal zone of the South China Sea will help to understand the geological structure of coastal types and the features of topography and geomorphology in the surrounding countries of the South China Sea, and provide a reference for the country to seek scientific and reasonable coastal resources management and development strategies.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P737.1

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