本文選題：赤潮藻 + 營養(yǎng)鹽��； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了探索赤潮發(fā)生機理及監(jiān)測預(yù)防的新思路和方法,本研究在實驗室條件下,以塔瑪亞歷山大藻(Alexandrium tamareme)、裸甲藻(Gymnodinium aerucyinosum Stein)、中肋骨條藻(Skeletonema costatum)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium)為實驗材料,在以Conway培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)下,測定這四種赤潮藻(分屬甲藻和硅藻)模擬赤潮生消過程中重要監(jiān)測指標(biāo)(細(xì)胞數(shù)量、營養(yǎng)鹽濃度)的變化,探討不同生長階段微藻的碳、氮穩(wěn)定同位素特征值與之相關(guān)變化規(guī)律。培養(yǎng)過程分為單種培養(yǎng)和兩種不同組合的混合培養(yǎng),在此基礎(chǔ)上對比分析了微藻單種培養(yǎng)與種群競爭培養(yǎng)過程中細(xì)胞數(shù)量、營養(yǎng)鹽濃度以及碳、氮穩(wěn)定同位素的組成變化規(guī)律的異同。理論依據(jù)是赤潮過程伴隨營養(yǎng)狀況如碳源及氮源等的變化,赤潮藻類對生源元素的選擇性吸收將導(dǎo)致碳、氮穩(wěn)定同位素的動力學(xué)分餾,即當(dāng)營養(yǎng)元素充足時,赤潮藻會優(yōu)先選擇吸收能級較低的12C和14N,營養(yǎng)不足時則被迫吸收較重的13C和15N。實驗結(jié)果表明：藻種生長過程可明顯分為四個階段：適應(yīng)期、對數(shù)生長期、穩(wěn)定生長期及衰亡期；氮、磷營養(yǎng)鹽濃度隨培養(yǎng)時間呈下降趨勢,與細(xì)胞數(shù)量的變化有很好的相關(guān)性,微藻對于氮源的吸收利用取決于微藻的種類、外部環(huán)境中不同氮源的相對濃度是否達到微藻吸收的最適濃度,相對于氮源來說,微藻對磷源的需求相對較少,四種實驗藻種均對磷酸鹽有儲存能力；甲藻在增殖過程中幾乎不消耗硅酸鹽,而其卻是硅藻生長分裂必不可少的元素；在一次完整的赤潮發(fā)生過程中,碳穩(wěn)定同位素組成(δ13C值)隨時間顯示出減小趨勢或基本維持穩(wěn)定,而氮穩(wěn)定同位素組成(6’5N值)值則顯示增大趨勢；微藻競爭培養(yǎng)中615N的變化趨勢沒有改變,與單種培養(yǎng)相比有更正的值,變化范圍更廣,并與細(xì)胞數(shù)量、氮源的變化有很好的相關(guān)性,δ13C值的變化顯示碳元素吸收過程中沒有明顯分餾現(xiàn)象,但與單種相比有更正的值。因此,赤潮藻的碳、氮穩(wěn)定同位素組成可以為赤潮監(jiān)測提供了可能的新指標(biāo)和新方法,為初步探索赤潮機理提供一定數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the mechanism of red tide and its monitoring and prevention, we used Alexandrium tamaremeg, Gymnodinium aerucyinosum Steinnum, Skeletonema costatum and Nitzschia closteriumas as experimental materials under laboratory conditions. In Conway culture medium, the changes of the important monitoring indexes (cell number, nutrient concentration) of the four species of red tide algae (belonging to Proroidophyta and diatom) during simulated red tide generation and elimination were determined, and the carbon of microalgae in different growth stages was studied. The characteristic values of nitrogen stable isotopes are correlated with them. The culturing process was divided into single culture and mixed culture of two different combinations. On the basis of this, the cell number, nutrient concentration and carbon in the process of single microalgae culture and population competition culture were compared and analyzed. Differences and similarities of the composition of nitrogen stable isotopes. The theoretical basis is that the process of red tide is accompanied by changes of nutrition such as carbon source and nitrogen source. The selective absorption of biological elements by red tide algae will lead to the kinetic fractionation of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, that is, when the nutrient elements are sufficient, Red tide algae preferred 12C and 14N with lower absorption energy levels, and were forced to absorb more 13C and 15N when they were undernourished. The results show that the growth process of algae can be obviously divided into four stages: adaptation period, logarithmic growth period, stable growth period and decaying stage, and the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus decreases with culture time. The absorption and utilization of nitrogen sources by microalgae depends on the species of microalgae, and whether the relative concentrations of different nitrogen sources in external environment reach the optimum concentration of microalgae, as opposed to nitrogen sources, There is relatively little demand for phosphorus sources in microalgae, and the four experimental algae species have the ability to store phosphate, while Pyrophyta almost does not consume silicate in the process of proliferation, but it is an essential element for the growth and division of diatoms. During a complete red tide, the carbon stable isotopic composition (未 13 C) showed a decreasing trend or remained stable with time, while the nitrogen stable isotope composition showed an increasing trend. The change trend of 615N in the competition culture of microalgae was not changed. Compared with the single culture, the change range of 615N was wider than that of single culture, and the change range was wider than that of single culture. The change of nitrogen source has a good correlation. The change of 未 13C value shows that there is no obvious fractionation phenomenon in carbon absorption process, but there is a corrected value compared with the single one. Therefore, the stable isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen of red tide algae can provide a new index and a new method for red tide monitoring, and provide a certain data basis for preliminary exploration of red tide mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X55

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