本文選題：溢油污染 + 應(yīng)急處置��； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：溢油造成的危害十分巨大,短期內(nèi)可能造成動植物大量死亡,引發(fā)火災(zāi),影響人類生命財產(chǎn),如不及時進(jìn)行有效處置,可能破壞區(qū)域的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),造成嚴(yán)重生態(tài)災(zāi)難。因此,在溢油事故發(fā)生后,及時提供有效的處置技術(shù)至關(guān)重要。目前我國針對溢油污染建立了許多輔助決策系統(tǒng),關(guān)注溢油的預(yù)警,溢油行為的模擬,以及溢油擴(kuò)散的可視化等方面,而對應(yīng)急處置技術(shù)的篩選與確定關(guān)注不足。針對我國溢油污染應(yīng)急處置技術(shù)篩選研究較少的情況,本論文提出了基于案例推理的溢油污染應(yīng)急處置技術(shù)篩選模型,并在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建了溢油污染應(yīng)急處置系統(tǒng)。 本文在研究國內(nèi)外溢油案例和應(yīng)急處置技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,對歷史案例進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,結(jié)果表明溢油的主要種類為原油,溢油的主要載體是船舶,具體原因包括船舶碰撞、擱淺、觸礁等,溢油的地點(diǎn)主要是美國,而國內(nèi)的溢油地點(diǎn)主要在廣東省、山東省等沿海地區(qū)。對應(yīng)急處置技術(shù)進(jìn)行了整理總結(jié),根據(jù)溢油的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律,將溢油應(yīng)急處置技術(shù)分為溢油污染源控制技術(shù)、溢油污染防擴(kuò)散技術(shù)、溢油污染回收與消除技術(shù)、溢油污染應(yīng)急廢物處置技術(shù)等。并在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建了溢油污染事故案例庫和應(yīng)急處置技術(shù)庫的基本框架。 通過研究基于案例推理(CBR)的技術(shù)篩選模型,對案例推理的指標(biāo)進(jìn)行選擇,建立了基于事故發(fā)生地點(diǎn)、發(fā)生原因、事故類型、油品種類、揮發(fā)性、天氣狀況、水流速度、保護(hù)目標(biāo)和事故等級等9個方面的案例推理指標(biāo)體系,利用層次分析法計(jì)算了每個指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,分別為：0.1264,0.0513,0.3117,0.0686,0.0137,0.0617,0.0206,0.2595,0.0865,案例相似度計(jì)算采用K最近鄰分類算法計(jì)算,為案例篩選與匹配奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 利用Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫、.Net框架、C#計(jì)算機(jī)語言及Visual Studio軟件設(shè)計(jì)平臺構(gòu)建了溢油污染應(yīng)急處置系統(tǒng),對系統(tǒng)的框架、流程及網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),對數(shù)據(jù)庫的存儲結(jié)構(gòu)和實(shí)體-聯(lián)系圖進(jìn)行研究,并對系統(tǒng)的基本功能進(jìn)行構(gòu)建和實(shí)現(xiàn),系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對數(shù)據(jù)庫內(nèi)容的修改、添加和刪除,可以根據(jù)突發(fā)溢油事故的數(shù)項(xiàng)評價指標(biāo)從案例庫中查找出與當(dāng)前事故類似的匹配案例,從而得到匹配案例的應(yīng)急處置技術(shù),為當(dāng)前事故應(yīng)急處置技術(shù)方案的選取提供一定決策支持。
[Abstract]:The damage caused by oil spill is very great. In the short term, it may cause a large number of animals and plants to die, cause fire, affect human life and property, if not deal with effectively in time, it may damage the ecosystem of the region and cause serious ecological disaster. Therefore, it is very important to provide effective disposal technology in time after oil spill accident. At present, China has established many auxiliary decision systems for oil spill pollution, paying attention to the early warning of oil spill, simulation of oil spill behavior and visualization of oil spill diffusion, but insufficient attention has been paid to the screening and determination of emergency disposal technology. In view of the lack of research on the technology selection of oil spill pollution emergency disposal in China, a case-based reasoning (CBR) model of oil spill pollution emergency disposal technology selection is proposed in this paper, and the oil spill pollution emergency disposal system is constructed on the basis of this model. Based on the study of oil spill cases and emergency disposal technology at home and abroad, this paper makes a statistical analysis of historical cases. The results show that the main types of oil spill are crude oil, the main carrier of oil spill is ships, the specific reasons include ship collision, grounding, The oil spills are mainly located in the United States, while the domestic oil spills are mainly located in coastal areas such as Guangdong Province and Shandong Province. According to the law of oil spill migration and transformation, the emergency disposal technology of oil spill is divided into oil spill pollution source control technology, oil spill pollution non-proliferation technology, oil spill pollution recovery and elimination technology. Oil spill pollution emergency waste disposal technology. On this basis, the basic framework of oil spill pollution case database and emergency disposal technology database is constructed. By studying the CBR-based technical screening model and selecting the Case-Based reasoning (CBR) indexes, this paper establishes the accident location, cause, accident type, oil product type, volatility, weather condition, flow rate, etc. The index system of case-based reasoning in nine aspects, such as protection target and accident grade, is used to calculate the weight of each index by AHP. The weight of each index is: 0.1264-0.051331170.31170.01370.06170.06170.0206n 0.2595N 0.0865. The similarity of cases is calculated by K-nearest neighbor classification algorithm. It lays a foundation for case selection and matching. The oil spill emergency disposal system is constructed by using Oracle database. Net frame C # computer language and Visual Studio software design platform. The framework, flow chart and network structure of the system are designed. The storage structure and entity-contact diagram of the database are studied, and the basic functions of the system are constructed and implemented. The system can modify, add and delete the database content. According to several evaluation indexes of the sudden oil spill accident, the matching cases similar to the current ones can be found from the case base, and the emergency disposal technology of the matching cases can be obtained. It provides some decision support for the selection of emergency treatment technical scheme.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X55

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