本文選題：多光譜遙感 + 信息提取��； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：潮灘沉積物類(lèi)型及粒度參數(shù)的空間分布可以用來(lái)反映潮灘沉積動(dòng)力環(huán)境和水動(dòng)力條件的變化,預(yù)測(cè)岸灘的沖淤變化規(guī)律。受潮灘自然條件限制,傳統(tǒng)的潮灘沉積研究不僅費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力,而且難以獲取大面積的潮灘沉積物信息。遙感技術(shù)具有信息量大、覆蓋范圍廣、多時(shí)相和不受自然條件限制等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在潮灘沉積物研究中相比傳統(tǒng)方法具有很大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文以江蘇中部運(yùn)糧河口至川東港段粉砂淤泥質(zhì)海岸潮灘為研究區(qū),利用HJ-1A多光譜遙感影像結(jié)合野外采樣數(shù)據(jù)為數(shù)據(jù)源,建立沉積物組分含量(砂、粉砂、黏土)及粒度參數(shù)(平均粒徑、分選系數(shù)、偏態(tài))的遙感反演模型,開(kāi)展潮灘沉積物分類(lèi)及粒徑運(yùn)移趨勢(shì)遙感反演研究,獲取沉積物的空間分布規(guī)律以及潮灘表層沉積物粒徑輸運(yùn)趨勢(shì)特征,為大范圍潮灘沉積研究提供有效技術(shù)手段,并為我國(guó)海岸帶潮灘資源的開(kāi)發(fā)利用提供必要的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐。論文的主要研究結(jié)論如下：一、HJ-1A影像的近紅外波段與沉積物組分含量和粒度參數(shù)有明顯的線性相關(guān)性,分別建立線性相關(guān)模型,進(jìn)行沉積物組分含量和粒度參數(shù)的遙感反演,模型驗(yàn)證的平均相對(duì)誤差分別為19.85%和11.00%,總體反演精度較高；二、利用線性修正的沉積物組分含量遙感反演結(jié)果結(jié)合Shepard三角分類(lèi),獲得研究區(qū)沉積物的空間分布�？梢钥闯�,沉積物在橫向方向呈現(xiàn)明顯的空間分帶特征,總體表現(xiàn)為由陸向海砂含量升高、粉砂和粘土含量降低,沉積物類(lèi)型主要由砂質(zhì)粉砂向粉砂質(zhì)砂過(guò)渡；縱向方向由北向南沉積物類(lèi)型都以粉砂質(zhì)砂和砂質(zhì)粉砂為主,砂主要分布在研究區(qū)南端大豐港至川東港岸段,這與研究區(qū)的水動(dòng)力環(huán)境及沉積物來(lái)源相吻合；三、沉積物粒度參數(shù)遙感反演結(jié)果表現(xiàn)出的粒度參數(shù)空間分布整體趨勢(shì)為：由陸向海,平均粒徑和分選系數(shù)逐漸減小,偏態(tài)系數(shù)逐漸增大,即由陸向海沉積物顆粒逐漸變粗、分選變好、偏態(tài)由正偏變?yōu)闃O正偏；四、利用遙感反演的沉積物粒度參數(shù)空間分布圖層驅(qū)動(dòng)GSTA (Grain Size Trend Analysis)模型,得到研究區(qū)潮灘表層沉積物的空間運(yùn)移趨勢(shì)�？傮w來(lái)看,研究區(qū)的沉積物整體呈現(xiàn)沿岸向南和東南方向輸運(yùn)的趨勢(shì)。在潮灘中上部區(qū)域,沉積物主要沿岸線向南或東南方向輸運(yùn)；在潮間帶下部,沉積物運(yùn)移趨勢(shì)稍顯混亂,但多數(shù)岸段都表現(xiàn)出垂直岸邊向岸運(yùn)輸?shù)内厔?shì)。運(yùn)移的結(jié)果導(dǎo)致潮間帶下部岸灘向海淤長(zhǎng),灘面逐年增寬；五、為更好的揭示沉積物反演的局部特征,選擇射陽(yáng)河口和大豐潮灘作為典型區(qū)域進(jìn)行潮灘沉積特性分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),河口區(qū)和港口附近受人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的影響,改變了水動(dòng)力環(huán)境和沉積物源供應(yīng),潮灘沉積物類(lèi)型分布和粒徑輸運(yùn)趨勢(shì)更加復(fù)雜,主要表現(xiàn)為堤下細(xì)顆粒沉積物堆積,潮灘不斷淤長(zhǎng),離堤較遠(yuǎn)的區(qū)域與研究區(qū)整體情況基本一致。
[Abstract]:The spatial distribution of sediment types and granularity parameters of tidal flat can be used to reflect the change of dynamic environment and hydrodynamic condition of tidal flat and to predict the regularity of erosion and deposition of shoreline.Limited by the natural conditions of tidal flat, the traditional study of tidal flat sediment is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also difficult to obtain a large area of tidal beach sediment information.Remote sensing technology has many advantages, such as large amount of information, wide coverage, multi-temporal phase and not restricted by natural conditions, so it has a great advantage over traditional methods in tidal flat sediment research.In this paper, the silty silt muddy coastal tidal flat in the middle of Jiangsu Province is used as the study area, and the HJ-1A multispectral remote sensing image combined with field sampling data is used as the data source to establish the content of sediment components (sand, silt, silt, silt).The remote sensing inversion model of clay and particle size parameters (mean particle size, sorting coefficient, skewness) is used to study the classification of tidal flat sediments and the trend of grain size migration.The characteristics of sediment spatial distribution and grain size transport trend of tidal flat surface sediment are obtained, which provide an effective technical means for the study of tidal flat sediment on a large scale.It also provides necessary basic data and technical support for the exploitation and utilization of tidal flat resources in coastal zone of China.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the near infrared band of HJ-1A image has obvious linear correlation with sediment component content and particle size parameter. A linear correlation model is established to retrieve the sediment component content and particle size parameter by remote sensing.The average relative error of the model verification is 19.85% and 11.00% respectively, and the inversion accuracy is high. Secondly, the spatial distribution of sediment in the study area is obtained by using the linear modified remote sensing inversion results of sediment component content and Shepard triangle classification.It can be seen that there are obvious spatial zonation characteristics in the lateral direction of the sediments, which shows that the content of sand increases from land to sea, the content of silt and clay decreases, and the types of sediment mainly transition from sandy silt to silty sand.In the longitudinal direction, silty sand and sandy silt are the main types of sediment from north to south. Sand mainly distributes in the section between Dafeng Port and Donggang Port in the southern end of the study area, which is consistent with the hydrodynamic environment and sediment source in the study area.The overall trend of spatial distribution of grain size parameters in remote sensing inversion of sediment granularity parameters is as follows: the mean particle size and sorting coefficient decrease gradually, and the skewness coefficient increases gradually, that is, the grain size becomes thicker and thicker from the continental sediment to the sea.The spatial migration trend of surface sediments of tidal flat in the study area is obtained by using the spatial distribution layer of sediment granularity parameters, which is driven by GSTA grain Size Trend analysis model.As a whole, the sediment in the study area is transported along the coast south and southeast.In the middle and upper part of the tidal flat, the main coastal lines of sediments are transported south or southeast, and in the lower part of the intertidal zone, the trend of sediment migration is a little confused, but most of the shoreline show the trend of vertical shoreline transport.The result of migration results in the siltation of the lower intertidal shoreline and the widening of the beach surface year by year. 5. In order to better reveal the local characteristics of sediment inversion Sheyang estuary and Dafeng tidal flat are selected as typical areas to analyze the sedimentary characteristics of tidal flat.It is found that the hydrodynamic environment and sediment source supply are changed due to the influence of human activities around the estuary and port. The distribution of sediment types and the trend of grain size transport in tidal flat are more complicated, mainly as fine granular sediment accumulation under the embankment.The tidal flat is continuously silting, and the area far from the embankment is basically consistent with the whole situation of the study area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P737.1;P715.7

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本文編號(hào)：1763396