本文選題：北極海冰 + 時空變化　； 參考：《魯東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文基于2003-2013年AMSR-E海冰密集度數(shù)據(jù)從海冰總體特征、海冰密集度變化特征、海冰外緣線面積和海冰面積變化趨勢、北極圈一年冰和多年冰冰情以及夏季北極海冰變化五個方面對北極海冰的時空變化展開了研究。結(jié)果顯示：北極海冰的變化存在明顯的區(qū)域性、季節(jié)性、年際差異性和滯后性。 （1）北極海冰總體呈以北極點為中心，海冰密集度向南逐漸減少的趨勢。海冰主要分布在80°N以北，且以密集度在95%以上的高密集度海冰為主。若將北極劃分為四個區(qū)，，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)1區(qū)的海冰分布范圍最廣；2區(qū)分布眾多島嶼，阻礙海冰移動，除巴芬灣和格陵蘭海海冰有所變化外，其它海域海冰幾乎不存在變化；3區(qū)水域開闊，有利于海冰融化、移動，海冰變化明顯；4區(qū)是被亞洲大陸阻擋的北冰洋地區(qū)，夏季陸地吸收熱量多，向海洋傳輸?shù)臒崃慷啵１诨孔畲�。若只將北極分成兩個區(qū)，則太平洋一側(cè)的一區(qū)海冰數(shù)量和分布范圍要始終高于大西洋一側(cè)的二區(qū)。雖然各海域的海冰數(shù)量不同，變化情況也不同，但總體來說，靠近廣闊大陸或與開闊水域相連通的海域海冰變化更加顯著。 （2）四個季節(jié)的海冰密集度、海冰數(shù)量、范圍及變化趨勢存在明顯差異：冬季平均海冰密集度最大，春季次之，夏季最小；夏季海冰數(shù)量最少，海冰覆蓋范圍最�。欢竞：１鶖�(shù)量幾乎是夏季的兩倍，海冰分布也最廣；夏季海冰數(shù)量、范圍的減少速度最快，秋季次之，冬、春季海冰年際變化較小。 （3）11年間，2003年、2004年、2005年、2006年、2008年、2009年北極冰情較為嚴(yán)重，海冰數(shù)量多，分布廣，而2007年、2011年和2012年屬于輕冰年，海冰相對較少。2003-2013年海冰面積、海冰外緣線面積分別以每年0.1×106km2、0.11×106km2的速度減少；2003年至2012年北極海冰減少趨勢更加明顯，面積年均減少0.13×106km2，海冰外緣線面積年均減少0.14×106km2。 （4）12個月份中，3月份，是一年中海冰數(shù)量最多、海冰范圍最大的月份，而9月份中旬海冰面積和海冰外緣線面積都達到最小值。一般來說，北半球氣溫7月、8月份氣溫最高，1月、2月氣溫最低。海冰的最值滯后于氣溫的最值，海冰變化具有滯后性。 （5）北極長期冰主要是80°N以北的密集度高于90%的海冰。每年新增的一年冰數(shù)量有0.15×106km2，而多年冰平均逐年減少0.18×106km2。多年冰的減少速度大于一年冰的增長速度，北極海冰總量減少。7月、8月、9月份各個月的海冰范圍的變化趨勢與夏季的整體變化情況相似。在夏季，9月份海冰范圍減少速度最快，8月份最慢。
[Abstract]:Based on the AMSR-E data of sea ice concentration from 2003 to 2013, the characteristics of sea ice density, the variation of sea ice density, the area of the outer edge of sea ice and the change trend of sea ice area are analyzed.The temporal and spatial variations of Arctic sea ice are studied in five aspects, I. e., Arctic ice in one year, ice in many years and Arctic sea ice in summer.The results show that there are obvious regional, seasonal, interannual differences and lag characteristics in the Arctic sea ice.1) the Arctic sea ice is centered at the north pole, and the sea ice density decreases gradually to the south.Sea ice mainly distributes to the north of 80 擄N, and is dominated by high density sea ice whose density is more than 95%.If the Arctic is divided into four regions, the study found that the sea ice distribution in area 1 is the widest and the second area has many islands, which hinders the movement of sea ice, except for the change of sea ice in Baffin Bay and Greenland.There is almost no change in sea ice in other sea areas. The open waters of Zone 3 are conducive to the melting and moving of sea ice. Zone 4 of the sea ice obviously changes in the Arctic Ocean, which is blocked by the Asian continent. In summer, the land absorbs more heat and transmits more heat to the sea.Sea ice melts the most.If the Arctic is divided into two regions, the amount and distribution of sea ice on the Pacific side is always higher than that on the Atlantic side.Although the amount of sea ice is different and the variation is different in different sea areas, the sea ice changes are more significant in the sea near the vast continent or connected to the open waters in general.(2) there are obvious differences in sea ice density, sea ice quantity, range and variation trend in four seasons: winter average sea ice density is the largest, spring is the second, summer is the least, summer sea ice is the least, sea ice cover is the smallest;The amount of sea ice in winter is almost twice as large as that in summer, and the distribution of sea ice is the most extensive, and the decrease rate of sea ice quantity in summer is the fastest, followed by that in autumn, and in winter and spring, the interannual variation of sea ice is relatively small.During the 11-year period, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, the Arctic ice situation was relatively serious, sea ice was abundant and widely distributed, while 2007, 2011 and 2012 were light ice years, and sea ice area was relatively small in 2003-2013,The area of the outer edge of sea ice decreases at the rate of 0. 1 脳 10 ~ 6 km ~ 2 / a 0. 11 脳 106km2 respectively, and the decreasing trend of Arctic sea ice is more obvious from 2003 to 2012, with an average annual decrease of 0. 13 脳 10 ~ 6 km ~ (2) and an average annual decrease of 0. 14 脳 10 ~ (6) km ~ (2).(4) in 12 months and March, the sea ice quantity is the largest and the sea ice range is the largest in the year, and the sea ice area and the outer edge area of the sea ice reach the minimum in mid-September.In general, northern hemisphere temperatures in July and August are highest, January and February are the lowest.The maximum value of sea ice lags behind that of air temperature, and the change of sea ice is lagging behind.5) the Arctic long-term ice is mainly sea ice with a density of more than 90% north of 80 擄N.The annual increase of annual ice amount is 0.15 脳 10 ~ 6 km ~ (2), while the annual average annual decrease is 0.18 脳 10 ~ (6) km ~ (2).The decrease rate of multi-year ice is greater than that of one year, and the total amount of Arctic sea ice decreases. The variation trend of sea ice range in July, August and September is similar to that in summer as a whole.The speed of sea ice reduction in September was the fastest in summer and the slowest in August.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P731.15

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