本文選題：海冰　切入點(diǎn)：電性能　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：海冰是在地球兩極地結(jié)凍的海水,是一種由純冰晶、鹵水、氣泡以及其它雜質(zhì)所組成的復(fù)合物質(zhì)。極地海冰的變化與冰-氣-海洋的相互作用有密切的聯(lián)系,海冰厚度是描述海冰狀態(tài)最基本、最重要的參數(shù),也是研究氣候變化與南北極冰物質(zhì)平衡的基礎(chǔ),監(jiān)測(cè)南北極海冰的變化,有利于提高我們對(duì)氣—冰—海相互作用機(jī)理的認(rèn)識(shí),對(duì)世界氣候的研究有重要的意義。 目前,關(guān)于極地海冰的冰物質(zhì)平衡研究中,存在一個(gè)共同的缺陷：無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)海冰厚度、海冰表面積雪變化的連續(xù)自動(dòng)檢測(cè),從而成為影響整個(gè)冰情檢測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)水平的技術(shù)瓶頸。 在總結(jié)目前各種實(shí)際冰層厚度檢測(cè)方法優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)上,論文在針對(duì)本課題組研制成功的電容式冰厚檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析研究,并通過(guò)進(jìn)行大量的對(duì)海冰的電性能深入的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,提出了利用該性質(zhì),改進(jìn)電容感應(yīng)式海冰厚度測(cè)量精度的方法,從而提高海冰IMB浮標(biāo)在極地冰雪監(jiān)測(cè)中的整體測(cè)量精度。論文針對(duì)海冰的電性能進(jìn)行了基礎(chǔ)理論的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究、曲線數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、新型傳感器IMB系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)、試驗(yàn)與應(yīng)用等四個(gè)方面的系統(tǒng)研究與論述。 根據(jù)作者對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外大量文獻(xiàn)資料的調(diào)查研究結(jié)果顯示,目前,國(guó)內(nèi)在海冰電性能方面的研究涉獵很少,國(guó)際上的研究成果也沒有最終統(tǒng)一。作者通過(guò)對(duì)人工海冰在低溫實(shí)驗(yàn)室中施加低頻、高頻激勵(lì)下的阻抗、溫度變化之間關(guān)系的研究,建立海冰溫度/阻抗/頻率關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),用該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)做為接觸式極地冰雪監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)的理論依據(jù)；利用Maxwell仿真軟件,在施加不同頻率的電信號(hào)時(shí),對(duì)海冰的介電常數(shù)變化進(jìn)行仿真,觀察不同頻率下通電電極附近的散射電場(chǎng)的分布以及強(qiáng)度變化規(guī)律,為利用海冰電性能在極地冰雪檢測(cè)進(jìn)行了可行性研究；研究了改進(jìn)后的新型電容式冰厚傳感器在冰雪檢測(cè)中的應(yīng)用之一——海冰IMB浮標(biāo)；對(duì)IMB浮標(biāo)的硬件電路和軟件部分的設(shè)計(jì)及每個(gè)子電路都進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)；通過(guò)對(duì)海冰IMB浮標(biāo)南北極的實(shí)際監(jiān)測(cè)應(yīng)用,分析了應(yīng)用的數(shù)據(jù),針對(duì)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行了誤差分析。 本論文的研究成果可以應(yīng)用于南北極冰雪自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè),可提供海冰變化的長(zhǎng)期數(shù)據(jù),用于海冰物質(zhì)平衡的研究。該研究成果將引導(dǎo)我們對(duì)極地海冰在全球氣候變化中的響應(yīng)和角色有更好的理解,使我國(guó)在未來(lái)的極地海冰的研究中占有應(yīng)有的地位。同時(shí)也可用于國(guó)內(nèi)北方冬季的輸水工程明渠渠道、水庫(kù)、河道、湖泊的淡水冰生消過(guò)程的監(jiān)測(cè),為北方地區(qū)冬季水文自動(dòng)預(yù)報(bào)、河流冰凌災(zāi)害預(yù)報(bào)、水電設(shè)施安全運(yùn)行、地質(zhì)環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)、冬季道路、航空、海港安全運(yùn)行、冬季水庫(kù)水量檢測(cè)等提供一種新的檢測(cè)理論與技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)手段。 本論文的研究成果在極地海冰科考、凌汛預(yù)警技術(shù)、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)、冬季海航等領(lǐng)域具有重要的理論研究和工程實(shí)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Sea ice is the frozen sea water at the earth's poles. It is composed of pure ice crystals, brine, bubbles and other impurities.The change of polar sea ice is closely related to the ice-atmosphere-ocean interaction. The thickness of sea ice is the most basic and important parameter to describe the state of sea ice, and it is also the basis of studying the balance between climate change and ice material in the south and north pole.Monitoring the change of sea ice in the north and south is helpful to improve our understanding of the mechanism of the air-ice-sea interaction, and it is of great significance to the study of the world climate.At present, there is a common defect in the study of ice material balance of polar sea ice: the continuous automatic detection of sea ice thickness and snow changes on the surface of sea ice can not be realized, which becomes the technical bottleneck that affects the level of ice condition detection and prediction.On the basis of summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of various practical ice thickness measurement methods, this paper analyzes and studies the problems existing in the field of capacitive ice thickness measurement system developed by our research group.Through a large number of experimental studies on the electrical properties of sea ice, a method of improving the accuracy of capacitive inductive sea ice thickness measurement is put forward to improve the overall measurement accuracy of sea ice IMB buoy in polar ice and snow monitoring.In this paper, the basic theoretical experimental research, curve database, IMB system structure, test and application of sea ice are studied and discussed.According to the author's investigation and research results of a large number of literatures at home and abroad, at present, there is little research on the electrical properties of sea ice in China, and the international research results are not uniform.By studying the relationship between the impedance and temperature change of artificial sea ice under low frequency and high frequency excitation in cryogenic laboratory, the database of sea ice temperature / impedance / frequency relationship is established.The database is used as the theoretical basis of the contact polar ice and snow monitoring technology, and the variation of the dielectric constant of sea ice is simulated by using the Maxwell simulation software when the electric signals of different frequencies are applied.The distribution and intensity of the scattering electric field near the electrode were observed at different frequencies, and the feasibility of using the electric properties of sea ice to detect the ice and snow in polar region was studied.The application of the improved capacitive ice thickness sensor in ice and snow detection, sea ice IMB buoy, the design of the hardware and software of the IMB buoy and the design of each sub-circuit are studied.Through the practical monitoring and application of sea ice IMB buoy, the applied data are analyzed, and the error analysis is carried out for the measured data.The results of this paper can be applied to the automatic monitoring of ice and snow in the Arctic and the South, and can provide long-term data of sea ice change, and can be used to study the material balance of sea ice.The results of this study will lead us to a better understanding of the response and role of polar sea ice in global climate change, and will make our country play an important role in the future study of polar sea ice.At the same time, it can also be used to monitor the process of fresh water ice formation and elimination in open channel, reservoirs, river courses and lakes of water conveyance projects in northern China in winter. It is also useful for winter hydrological automatic forecasting, river ice ice disaster prediction and safe operation of hydropower facilities in northern China.Geological environment monitoring, winter roads, aviation, safe operation of seaports, winter reservoir water detection and so on provide a new detection theory and technical means.The research results of this paper have important theoretical research and engineering practical value in polar sea ice research, ice warning technology, disaster prevention and mitigation, winter HNA and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P731.15

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