本文選題：黃河口　切入點(diǎn)：沉積動(dòng)力　出處：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：本文基于黃河三角洲及萊州灣多年歷史資料，以水環(huán)境動(dòng)力學(xué)模型（MIKE3）為基礎(chǔ)，建立起一系列沉積動(dòng)力模型。通過(guò)實(shí)測(cè)資料對(duì)模型的率定與驗(yàn)證，模擬了1976年黃河改道清水溝流路以來(lái)，河口的潮流、切變鋒及波浪各時(shí)期的特征并分析討論了其演變過(guò)程。通過(guò)對(duì)模擬結(jié)果和實(shí)測(cè)地形沖淤變化分析，綜合研究了黃河口潮流切變鋒在一個(gè)完整黃河流路期內(nèi)的演變規(guī)律和成因，潮流切變鋒在大風(fēng)及地形共同作用下的變化規(guī)律及成因，黃河口動(dòng)力變化下的工程波浪安全隱患等問(wèn)題，發(fā)現(xiàn)了落潮切變鋒強(qiáng)度始終強(qiáng)于漲潮的規(guī)律，闡述了黃河口沉積動(dòng)力演變與地形演變的相互作用關(guān)系和模式，揭示了以風(fēng)致切變鋒變化為基礎(chǔ)的河口冬季泥沙擴(kuò)散新動(dòng)力機(jī)制，提出了黃河口特有的海洋工程環(huán)境動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)理念及預(yù)警防護(hù)建議。 研究表明，黃河口潮流切變鋒和潮流場(chǎng)于1976~1996年黃河清水溝流路行河的20年間，在空間、時(shí)間和強(qiáng)度上均具有顯著的演化規(guī)律。其根本原因是水深地形的變化。進(jìn)一步，切變鋒演變反應(yīng)了潮流場(chǎng)的演變，后者與河口地形的演化存在雙重相互作用關(guān)系，表現(xiàn)為河口增長(zhǎng)會(huì)促進(jìn)潮流增強(qiáng)并限制河口增長(zhǎng)，，最終在一定徑流輸沙范圍內(nèi)穩(wěn)定；河口蝕退會(huì)使潮流減弱，使侵蝕由強(qiáng)變?nèi)�，侵蝕速率由快變慢。 大風(fēng)過(guò)程對(duì)黃河口潮流切變鋒具有明顯的影響。6級(jí)大風(fēng)即可使切變鋒產(chǎn)生變化，風(fēng)力越大，變化越明顯。大風(fēng)通過(guò)在近岸淺水區(qū)生成風(fēng)生流使切變鋒發(fā)生變化，平行鋒面的大風(fēng)增加其強(qiáng)度，垂直鋒面的大風(fēng)減弱其強(qiáng)度；偏北向大風(fēng)加劇漲、落潮切變鋒強(qiáng)度“落強(qiáng)漲弱”形勢(shì)，偏南向大風(fēng)則相反。河口地形是使各風(fēng)向大風(fēng)對(duì)切變鋒產(chǎn)生不同影響的決定條件和必要條件。潮流切變鋒在冬季偏北向大風(fēng)的作用下，存在著切變鋒強(qiáng)度減弱、口門(mén)鋒面消失以及漲潮切變鋒基本消失三種有利于河口泥沙擴(kuò)散的變化，使大量波致再懸浮泥沙在多種情況下突破原有鋒面阻擋，向萊州灣中部或?yàn)晨跀U(kuò)散。風(fēng)致切變鋒變化是泥沙“冬輸”動(dòng)力機(jī)制中不可忽略的重要因素之一。 黃河口潮汐過(guò)程由于存在不對(duì)稱性，落潮流流速、歷時(shí)均大于漲潮流，使得落潮切變鋒在長(zhǎng)度、歷時(shí)和剪切強(qiáng)度等方面均強(qiáng)于漲潮切變鋒，且在常見(jiàn)偏北向大風(fēng)影響下，二者差異被放大，甚至在較少情況下漲潮切變鋒接近消失。落潮切變鋒強(qiáng)度大于漲潮切變鋒的這一規(guī)律在潮汐不對(duì)稱性和季風(fēng)影響下長(zhǎng)期存在。 黃河口重現(xiàn)期大浪受地形變化影響顯著。清水溝流路老河口海域平均水深每增加1m，50年一遇NE向有效波高增加約0.4m，1996~2012年平均增長(zhǎng)約1.1m，增長(zhǎng)率約為0.07m/a。根據(jù)波高變化可將黃河口地區(qū)分為三部分：新河口安全區(qū)，新老河口間隱患區(qū)，老河口危險(xiǎn)區(qū)。未來(lái)10年，隱患區(qū)和危險(xiǎn)區(qū)均面臨著由岸線繼續(xù)蝕退所帶來(lái)的陸地環(huán)境淺�；�、淺海波浪增強(qiáng)等安全隱患。 根據(jù)動(dòng)力與地形相互作用的理論研究結(jié)果，對(duì)黃河口河道備選流路，近海工程海洋環(huán)境快速變化引發(fā)的安全性隱患等實(shí)際問(wèn)題提出了相關(guān)建議。著重闡述了推廣海洋工程環(huán)境動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)理念及預(yù)警防護(hù)建議的迫切性和必要性，并對(duì)該理念的施行提出了多套參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)、定期調(diào)查與預(yù)警防護(hù)補(bǔ)救措施等建議。 最終，通過(guò)近3年的研究工作，本文具有如下創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)： （1）揭示了黃河口潮流切變鋒在一個(gè)完整黃河流路期內(nèi)的演化規(guī)律及其成因，并闡述了河口地形演化與潮流場(chǎng)演化的相互作用關(guān)系及過(guò)程。 （2）發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃河口潮流切變鋒對(duì)大風(fēng)過(guò)程的響應(yīng)規(guī)律及其機(jī)制，并從該角度揭示了黃河口冬季泥沙擴(kuò)散新的動(dòng)力機(jī)制，完善了河口泥沙“冬輸”過(guò)程的動(dòng)力機(jī)制研究。 （3）明確了黃河口漲、落潮切變鋒在常規(guī)與極端氣象條件下的變化過(guò)程，發(fā)現(xiàn)了落潮切變鋒強(qiáng)度始終強(qiáng)于漲潮這一規(guī)律及其成因。 （4）研究了黃河口重現(xiàn)期大浪對(duì)地形演化的響應(yīng)，提出黃河口海洋工程環(huán)境動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)理念及預(yù)警防護(hù)建議。
[Abstract]:Based on the historical data of the Yellow River Delta and Laizhou Bay , this paper establishes a series of sedimentary power models based on the water environment dynamics model .

The study shows that the tidal current shear front and tidal current field of the Yellow River have remarkable evolution law in space , time and intensity during the 20 years from 1976 to 1996 . The root cause is the change of water depth topography . Further , the evolution of shear front reflects the evolution of tidal current field .
The erosion of the estuary will weaken the tidal current , cause the erosion to change from strong to weak , and the rate of attack will change from fast to slow .

The strong wind can make the shear front change , the bigger the wind is , the more obvious the change is . The strong wind in the shallow water area changes the shear center , the strong wind of the parallel frontal surface increases its strength , and the strong wind of the vertical front face attenuates its strength ;
The change of wind shear front in the middle or the Gulf of Laizhou Bay is one of the important factors that can not be neglected in the dynamic mechanism of sediment " winter transmission " .

The tide process of the Yellow River Estuary is stronger than that of the rising tide due to the asymmetry , the flow velocity and the duration of the ebb current , so that the ebb and shear center is stronger than the tide shear front in terms of length , duration and shear strength .

The average water depth in the Laohekou sea area of clear water channel is increased by 1 m and the average growth rate is about 1.1m from 1996 to 2012 . The growth rate is about 0.07 m / a . According to the wave height variation , the Yellow River Estuary can be divided into three parts : Xinhekou safety area , new Laohekou hidden trouble area and Laohekou dangerous area . In the next ten years , the hidden danger area and dangerous area are faced with the potential safety hazards such as the shallow sea of the land environment caused by the continued erosion and retreat of the coastline , and the wave enhancement in the shallow sea .

Based on the theoretical research results of the interaction between power and terrain , some suggestions are put forward on the practical problems such as the alternative flow path of the Yellow River Estuary , the safety hazard caused by the rapid change of the marine environment in the offshore engineering . The urgency and necessity of promoting the design concept of the dynamic parameter of the marine engineering environment and the suggestion of early warning protection are emphatically expounded , and some suggestions such as multi - parameter design , periodic investigation and early warning protection measures are put forward .

Finally , through nearly three years of research work , this article has the following innovation points :

( 1 ) The evolution law and genesis of tidal current shear center in a complete Yellow River flow path are revealed , and the interaction relation and process of the evolution of the river mouth and the evolution of tidal current field are expounded .

( 2 ) The response law and its mechanism of the tidal current shear center in the Yellow River Estuary to the large wind process are discovered , and the new dynamic mechanism of sediment diffusion in the Yellow River Estuary is revealed from this angle , and the power mechanism of the " winter transportation " process of the river mouth is perfected .

( 3 ) The change process of the Yellow River Estuary and the ebb tide shear center under the conditions of conventional and extreme meteorological conditions is clear , and it is found that the strength of the ebb tide shear front is always stronger than that of the flood tide and its origin .

( 4 ) To study the response of the big wave to the terrain evolution during the return period of the Yellow River Estuary , and put forward the idea of dynamic parameter design and early warning protection proposal for the marine engineering environment of the Yellow River Estuary .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P736.21

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本文編號(hào)：1703736