本文選題：微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)　切入點(diǎn)：氨氧化細(xì)菌　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著環(huán)杭州灣地區(qū)人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的日益活躍，尤其是工業(yè)園區(qū)的蓬勃發(fā)展，，杭州灣水環(huán)境受到了嚴(yán)重的污染，已成為我國(guó)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化程度最高的海域之一。然而，在杭州灣環(huán)境質(zhì)量惡化的同時(shí)，對(duì)其生態(tài)狀況的關(guān)注較少，而微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)方面鮮有報(bào)道。因此，本研究采用分子生物學(xué)手段，分析杭州灣沿岸典型工業(yè)園區(qū)廢水系統(tǒng)及排水區(qū)域微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)變化，研究納污海灣區(qū)域微生物群落與環(huán)境因子間的響應(yīng)關(guān)系，并探索陸源工業(yè)污染輸入對(duì)納污海灣區(qū)域可能造成的微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)方面的影響。 通過(guò)對(duì)園區(qū)廢水處理系統(tǒng)和納污區(qū)域微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)比較發(fā)現(xiàn)，杭州灣納污區(qū)域沉積物具有比廢水處理系統(tǒng)活性污泥更高的細(xì)菌、古菌豐度和多樣性，但Thauera屬和Truepera屬等污染耐受型細(xì)菌在廢水處理系統(tǒng)和杭州灣廢水排放點(diǎn)均有檢出，可能是污染對(duì)杭州灣微生物群落影響的一種信號(hào)。而廢水流向關(guān)系對(duì)樣品間細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)相似性的影響比對(duì)古菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)相似性的影響更明顯。廢水處理系統(tǒng)活性污泥中氨氧化古菌（AOA）數(shù)量極低，氨氧化細(xì)菌（AOB）是氨氧化作用的主體；而杭州灣納污區(qū)域沉積物中AOA和AOB的數(shù)量接近；兩個(gè)環(huán)境中的AOB基本均屬于Nitrosomonas；而Nitrosopumilus是沉積物中AOA的主體。污染輸入對(duì)納污區(qū)域AOB群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響比對(duì)AOA群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響更明顯。 通過(guò)納污區(qū)域不同位點(diǎn)、不同季節(jié)樣品分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，納污區(qū)域的微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)季節(jié)差異明顯，而納污區(qū)域內(nèi)各位點(diǎn)微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)之間保持較高的相似度。沉積物比水體具有更高的細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性，但兩者古菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)多樣性比較相似。沉積物中的主要細(xì)菌群落Betaproteobacteria、Alphaproteobacteria與溫度表現(xiàn)出很強(qiáng)的正相關(guān)性，而與水體COD呈現(xiàn)很強(qiáng)負(fù)相關(guān)性；主要的古菌群落Marine_Group_I則與溫度表現(xiàn)出一定的負(fù)相關(guān)性。目前納污區(qū)域水體氨氮濃度變化范圍內(nèi)（0.1-0.5mg/L），水體氨氮濃度的提高可能促進(jìn)沉積物微生物群落中氨氧化菌比例的上升，并使AOA在氨氧化菌群中的比例得到提高。 通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬培養(yǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，沉積物中AOA、AOB分別在較低（≤0.1mg/L）和較高氨氮濃度（≥2mg/L）下具有更高的活性；溫度從5oC提高到35oC的過(guò)程中，沉積物的氨氧化能力得到提高；鹽度的提高可使AOA的活性得到提高，成為主要的氨氧化菌群。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly active human activities around Hangzhou Bay, especially the vigorous development of industrial parks, the water environment of Hangzhou Bay has been seriously polluted and has become one of the most eutrophic waters in China. At the same time of environmental quality deterioration in Hangzhou Bay, little attention has been paid to the ecological status of Hangzhou Bay, but there are few reports on the structure of microbial community. Therefore, molecular biological methods are used in this study. The changes of wastewater system and microbial community structure in drainage area of typical industrial park along Hangzhou Bay were analyzed, and the response relationship between microbial community and environmental factors was studied. The effects of land-based industrial pollution input on the microbial community structure in the bay area are also explored. Through the comparison of the wastewater treatment system and the microbial community structure in the wastewater treatment area of Hangzhou Bay, it was found that the sediment in the sewage treatment area of Hangzhou Bay had higher bacteria, paleomycetes abundance and diversity than the activated sludge in the wastewater treatment system. However, Thauera and Truepera were detected in the wastewater treatment system and the wastewater discharge sites in Hangzhou Bay. It may be a signal of the influence of pollution on the microbial community in Hangzhou Bay, and the influence of wastewater flow relationship on the similarity of bacterial community structure among samples is more obvious than that on the similarity of ancient bacteria community structure. The wastewater treatment system is active. The amount of AOAA in ammoxidation sludge is very low. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is the main body of ammonia oxidation, while the amount of AOA and AOB in sediments in the sewage area of Hangzhou Bay is similar. AOB belongs to Nitrosomonas and Nitrosopumilus is the main part of AOA in sediment. The effect of pollution input on AOB community structure is more obvious than that on AOA community structure. Through the analysis of different sites and different seasons, it was found that there were obvious seasonal differences in the microbial community structure in the polluted areas. However, the microbial community structure of each point in the polluted area maintained a high similarity. The sediment has higher diversity of bacterial community structure than that of the water. However, the diversity of paleomycetes community was similar. The main bacteria community in sediment, Beta proteobacteriae Alphaproteobacteria, showed a strong positive correlation with temperature, but a strong negative correlation with water COD. The main paleomycetes Marine_Group_I showed a negative correlation with temperature. At present, in the range of ammonia nitrogen concentration in polluted water, the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration may promote the increase of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria ratio in sediment microbial community, and the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration may promote the increase of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria proportion in sediment microbial community. The proportion of AOA in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was increased. The results of laboratory simulation showed that AOAA AOB had higher activity at lower (鈮

本文編號(hào)：1657584