本文選題：波能轉(zhuǎn)換裝置　切入點(diǎn)：浮子外形優(yōu)化　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：波浪能是地球上蘊(yùn)藏豐富的可再生能源。由于其具有能流密度大、對海岸港口的景觀視覺影響小以及整體生命周期碳排放量低等優(yōu)點(diǎn),波能轉(zhuǎn)換技術(shù)從上世紀(jì)初開始就受到各國的關(guān)注。但是波浪能隨海域地理位置和時間變化劇烈,導(dǎo)致波能轉(zhuǎn)換裝置難以保持最佳工作狀態(tài),且波能轉(zhuǎn)換裝置所處環(huán)境惡劣,在極端海況下,波能裝置易損壞,而采用不易損壞的波能轉(zhuǎn)換裝置往往發(fā)電效率又較為低下。另一方面,在離岸較遠(yuǎn)的深海地區(qū),雖然波浪能蘊(yùn)藏更為豐富,但電能的并網(wǎng)運(yùn)輸會較為困難。因此相比風(fēng)力發(fā)電和光伏太陽能發(fā)電,目前波浪能在發(fā)電技術(shù)上不夠成熟、發(fā)電成本較高。目前較為成熟的應(yīng)用是給航標(biāo)燈、航標(biāo)船供電以及給邊遠(yuǎn)海域、海島的國防以及開發(fā)等提供能源。但隨著日益突出的環(huán)境污染問題,在近十年世界各國、特別是歐美等國,對波能開發(fā)技術(shù)研究提供了傾斜性的政策支持,使得波浪能技術(shù)也逐步從實(shí)驗(yàn)室走向了工程應(yīng)用。雖然我國海岸線較長,但是由于第一島鏈存在的地理位置原因,我國的近海波浪能相比其它國家、特別是北歐南美國家,波能密度相對較小,因此對波能裝置的轉(zhuǎn)換效率要求更為突出。為此,本文首先以直驅(qū)振蕩浮子式波能發(fā)電裝置作為研究對象,一方面通過對近海海底支撐的單體垂蕩浮子水動力外形優(yōu)化和對深海設(shè)置浮體支撐的垂蕩浮子的鎖定控制兩個方面進(jìn)行研究,進(jìn)一步提高裝置捕獲波能的效率;另一方面參考雙體浮子波能轉(zhuǎn)換裝置捕能原理和調(diào)諧質(zhì)量阻尼器減振原理,提出了兩種用于深海平臺的調(diào)諧減振-發(fā)電垂蕩板系統(tǒng)、與深海平臺形成新型復(fù)合海洋能結(jié)構(gòu),其中調(diào)諧垂蕩板系統(tǒng)與深海平臺運(yùn)動自由度調(diào)諧共振、抑制深海平臺相應(yīng)自由度的運(yùn)動響應(yīng),同時可以高效捕獲和轉(zhuǎn)換波浪能、直接供給平臺使用、解決波浪能發(fā)電并網(wǎng)輸送使用困難問題。本文主要研究內(nèi)容如下,(1)以海底支撐單體浮子為研究對象,為方便考慮發(fā)電機(jī)行程約束、浮子底部出水面抨擊約束條件對捕獲能效的影響,采用隨機(jī)振動理論,推導(dǎo)建立了不規(guī)則海況下,發(fā)電機(jī)行程約束、浮子底部出水面抨擊對浮子式波能裝換裝置的捕獲功率折減的理論計算公式,并建立了頻域計算方法對浮子的年均捕獲能效進(jìn)行快速計算。針對一個以三控制點(diǎn)的三次樣條曲線構(gòu)造了參數(shù)化的旋轉(zhuǎn)體外形的單體垂蕩浮子波能轉(zhuǎn)換裝置,聯(lián)合MATLAB和ANSYS-AQWA軟件,建立了在指定海況下,以該年發(fā)電量為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的浮子幾何外形自動優(yōu)化程序。并通過一實(shí)際海況下的優(yōu)化算例,通過數(shù)值模擬計算對比,用于驗(yàn)證算法的有效性。(2)本文提出了一種用于深海條件下的直驅(qū)式雙體垂蕩浮子式波能轉(zhuǎn)換裝置,并提出可以采用一種雙出桿液壓裝置用于施加鎖定控制,以便提高裝置的波能轉(zhuǎn)換效率。根據(jù)鎖定控制狀態(tài)下,波激力與鎖定控制力的關(guān)系,提出和建立了一種基于鎖定控制力反饋的最優(yōu)鎖定控制策略。并通過一實(shí)際海況下的算例,分析本文提出的基于鎖定控制力反饋的最優(yōu)鎖定控制策略的有效性。(3)本文根據(jù)針對平臺控制垂蕩和控制搖動兩個目的,提出了兩種用于深海平臺振動控制和波能轉(zhuǎn)換一體化的調(diào)諧減振-發(fā)電垂蕩板系統(tǒng)。以南海某深海半潛式平臺為例,在Simulink中分別建立了的兩個半潛式平臺調(diào)諧減振-發(fā)電垂蕩板系統(tǒng)的時域計算模型。對兩種調(diào)諧減振-發(fā)電垂蕩板系統(tǒng)的垂蕩板大小、調(diào)諧周期以及發(fā)電機(jī)阻尼進(jìn)行參數(shù)和優(yōu)化分析。數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明,該垂蕩板系統(tǒng)能夠有效控制平臺運(yùn)動同時能夠提供客觀的能量。(4)為建立調(diào)諧減振-發(fā)電垂蕩板的力電性能模型,分別對垂蕩板進(jìn)行了水動力特性實(shí)驗(yàn)以及發(fā)電機(jī)系統(tǒng)的力電性能試驗(yàn)。垂蕩板水動力性能實(shí)驗(yàn)和研究了不同厚寬比、運(yùn)動頻率以及不同KC數(shù)對垂蕩板的水動力參數(shù)的影響。采用實(shí)驗(yàn)分析了不同頻率、幅度運(yùn)動以及不同大小負(fù)載電阻條件下,能量輸出系統(tǒng)的力學(xué)特性和電學(xué)特性,并建立相應(yīng)的計算模型。最后通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了這兩種調(diào)諧減振-發(fā)電垂蕩板在不同頻率的簡諧運(yùn)動驅(qū)動下,該系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動性能、對平臺的控制性能以及發(fā)電性能。(5)為驗(yàn)證研究前文提出的新型調(diào)諧減振-發(fā)電垂蕩板系統(tǒng)對深海平臺的運(yùn)動控制效果以及波浪能捕獲性能,在大連理工大學(xué)海岸和近海工程國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行了縮尺比為1:70某半潛式平臺調(diào)諧減搖-發(fā)電垂蕩板系統(tǒng)一體化模型實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過自由衰減實(shí)驗(yàn)、規(guī)則波實(shí)驗(yàn)以及不規(guī)則波實(shí)驗(yàn),分析研究了不同負(fù)載電阻條件下,調(diào)諧減搖-發(fā)電垂蕩板系統(tǒng)對平臺運(yùn)動控制和捕獲能效的影響,從而驗(yàn)證該裝置的有效性。(6)提出了深海半潛式平臺調(diào)諧減振-發(fā)電垂蕩板系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時混合模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)方法。采用伺服平板永磁直線電機(jī)作為垂蕩板物理子系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)時可控驅(qū)動的作動器,搭建和完成了相應(yīng)兩個系統(tǒng)實(shí)時混合模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)。根據(jù)兩種深海半潛式平臺調(diào)諧減振-發(fā)電垂蕩板系統(tǒng)在幾種不規(guī)則波浪下的運(yùn)動響應(yīng)和捕獲能效結(jié)果,與純數(shù)值模擬計算結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,驗(yàn)證了該實(shí)驗(yàn)方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Wave energy on earth is rich in renewable energy. Because of its high energy density, low and small overall life cycle carbon emissions on the coast of the port landscape visual impact, wave energy conversion technology from the beginning of the last century it has attracted worldwide attention. But with the sea wave energy location and time variation, lead wave energy conversion device to keep the best working state, and the wave energy conversion device of bad environment, in extreme condition, the wave energy device is easy to damage, and the damage wave energy conversion device with low power generation efficiency often. On the other hand, the farther offshore deep sea area, although the waves it is more abundant, but the power grid transportation would be difficult. Therefore compared to wind power and solar power generation, the current wave energy in power generation technology is not mature enough, the relatively higher cost of power generation. Mature application is for a beacon, beacon ships and power supply to the remote area, provide energy island defense and development. But with the environmental pollution problems have become increasingly prominent, in the past ten years all over the world, especially Europe and the United States, the wave energy technology research and development to provide preferential policies, the wave energy the technology also gradually from the laboratory to the engineering application. Although China's long coastline, but due to the geographical position of the first island chain exists, China's offshore wave energy compared to other countries, especially in the Nordic countries in South America, the wave energy density is relatively small, so the conversion efficiency requirements of the wave energy device is more prominent. Therefore firstly, the direct drive of oscillating buoy wave power device as the research object, through a single body of vertical support for offshore swing float hydrodynamic shape optimization and set up support for deep-sea floating body Vertical locking control two aspects of research on the float, to further improve the efficiency of wave energy capture device; on the other hand reference catamaran float wave energy conversion device can capture principle and tuned mass damper principle, two kinds of vibration for tuning the deep-sea platform - power Heave Plate system is presented, the formation of new composite structure of ocean with the deep sea platform, wherein the tuning of Heave Plate System and the degree of freedom motion platform deep tuned resonance, inhibit the movement of deep-sea platform corresponding degree of freedom response, and can efficiently capture and conversion of wave energy, direct supply platform, solve the difficult problem of wave power generation using delivery. The main contents are as follows. (1) study the object of single float supported by sea, for the convenience of considering the travel restrictions, the float out of the water at the bottom of attacking the constraint on the impact of capture efficiency, using random vibration The theory presented irregular sea conditions, generator trip constraints, float out of the water at the bottom of the calculation formula of the float can attack Shi Bo installed for the device to capture power reduction theory, and established the frequency domain calculation method of float average energy efficiency are calculated. The rapid capture of a needle with three control points of the three kind the curve is constructed of single vertical rotating body shape parameters of the float on the wave energy conversion device, combined with MATLAB and ANSYS-AQWA software, established in the specified conditions, automatic optimization program with the annual capacity of the geometrical shape optimization objectives. Through the optimization of a practical condition as an example, through numerical simulation the calculation for comparison, verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. (2) this paper presents a method for the direct drive type catamaran heave float type wave energy conversion device of deep sea conditions, and proposes using a dual rod hydraulic device For applying the lock control device, so as to improve the conversion efficiency of wave energy. According to the lock control state, the relationship between the wave induced force and lock control force, propose and construct an optimal control strategy of lock lock control based on force feedback. And through a real sea as an example, analysis of the proposed optimal lock control lock based on force feedback control strategy is effective. (3) according to the control platform heave and control shaking for two purposes, two for offshore platform vibration control and damping tuned wave energy conversion integrated power - Heave Plate system is presented in the South China Sea. A semi submersible platform as an example, calculation time domain model in Simulink were established in 2.5 submersible platform of power - tuned damping of Heave Plate system. The two generation of Heave Plate - tuned vibration reduction system of Heave Plate size, tuning cycle and generator resistance Nigeria analysis parameters and optimization. The numerical simulation results show that the heave plate system can effectively control the platform at the same time can provide the objective of energy. (4) for the mechanical and electrical properties to establish the model of power - tuned vibration reduction of Heave Plate, respectively on the heave plate of hydrodynamic characteristic experiment and power generator system electrical performance test. The hydrodynamic performance of Heave Plate experiment and research of different thickness to width ratio, effect of exercise frequency and different KC numbers on the heave hydrodynamic parameters of plate. The experimental analysis of the different frequency, amplitude and motion resistance of different sizes under load conditions, the mechanical properties and electrical properties and energy output system. The calculating model is developed. Finally, through the experimental study of the two generation - tuned vibration reduction of Heave Plate driving in simple harmonic motion with different frequencies, the motion performance of the system, the control performance of the platform and power Performance. (5) proposed to verify the research model of tunedvibration reduction above power - Heave Plate System for deep-sea platform motion control effect and wave energy capture performance in coastal and offshore engineering Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of 1:70 scale of a semi submersible platform tuned fin - power Heave Plate system integration model experiment. By the free decay experiments, regular wave experiments and irregular wave experiments, analysis of different load conditions, tuning fin - power Heave Plate System on the impact of platform motion control and capture efficiency, so as to verify the effectiveness of the device. (6) proposed real-time hybrid simulation method in deep sea semi submersible platform vibration generator tuned heave plate system. The servo flat permanent magnet linear motor as the heave plate physical subsystem experiment of real-time controllable actuator, build and complete The corresponding simulation experiment of two systems. According to the two kinds of hybrid real-time semi submersible platform vibration generator tuned Heave Plate System in several irregular waves motion response and capture efficiency results, and the numerical simulation results were compared, the experiment verified the effectiveness of the method.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P743.2;P751
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本文編號：1582473