本文關(guān)鍵詞： 深圳灣 微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu) 高通量測(cè)序 病原菌 藻毒素　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海岸帶的環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重威脅人類健康和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,對(duì)海岸帶生境的診斷能用于指導(dǎo)生境健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)警和制定污染控制策略。以往對(duì)環(huán)境污染的監(jiān)測(cè)常常以理化指標(biāo)為依據(jù),但是隨著污染物種類逐漸增加,其對(duì)環(huán)境的綜合影響也更加復(fù)雜,使得以理化指標(biāo)為唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的生境診斷難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。為揭示多種污染物共同作用所帶來的生物種群、群落乃至生態(tài)系統(tǒng)層面的影響,本研究以微生物群落特征為主要依據(jù),研究了環(huán)境污染對(duì)深圳灣海岸帶的綜合影響及深圳灣水環(huán)境中微生物的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)特征。本研究主要運(yùn)用了高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)和熒光顯微技術(shù),系統(tǒng)的探究了深圳灣水環(huán)境中微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)、多樣性和生物量的時(shí)空變化規(guī)律及其環(huán)境影響因素,獲得了以下研究成果:(1)各項(xiàng)理化指標(biāo)在深圳灣隨空間變化呈現(xiàn)顯著差異,其中溶解氧呈灣內(nèi)向?yàn)惩膺f增的空間分布規(guī)律,而生物量、葉綠素以及溶解性無機(jī)氮和總磷基本呈現(xiàn)由灣內(nèi)向?yàn)惩膺f減的空間分布規(guī)律。(2)季節(jié)變化對(duì)深圳灣海岸帶微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響要顯著大于位置變化和深度變化所帶來的影響,通過相關(guān)性分析得出對(duì)微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)影響最顯著的環(huán)境因子是溫度,此外,無機(jī)鹽環(huán)境因子中以硝酸鹽氮和氨氮對(duì)微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響相對(duì)顯著�？偢∮紊锪縿t與硝氮、氨氮和總磷的含量顯著相關(guān)。(3)暴雨對(duì)深圳灣水環(huán)境中微生物群落的影響主要包括:一,暴雨初期水環(huán)境中的微生物群落多樣性出現(xiàn)顯著上升,而在暴雨結(jié)束后恢復(fù)到常規(guī)水平;二,暴雨過后,藍(lán)藻和放線菌在群落結(jié)構(gòu)中的比例有明顯上升。(4)深圳灣的病原菌在環(huán)境中總比例平均為2.59‰,主要包括氣單胞菌、腸球菌、分枝桿菌、綠膿桿菌、腐生性葡萄球菌和耶爾森氏菌。不同季節(jié)病原菌的含量呈現(xiàn)出春季冬季秋季夏季的規(guī)律;其中深圳灣近岸海域中病原菌含量要顯著高于中心線海域;基于糞便指示微生物溯源分析顯示深圳灣水環(huán)境與典型城市污染河道中的菌種組成有顯著差異。(5)魚腥藻毒素、節(jié)球藻毒素、短裸甲藻毒素、石房蛤毒素和柱孢藻毒素的典型功能基因在深圳灣海岸帶水環(huán)境中未被檢測(cè)到;微囊藻毒素合成基因Mcy B在春季深圳灣海岸帶部分位置的水體中被檢出。
[Abstract]:The environmental pollution in coastal zone is a serious threat to human health and economic development. The diagnosis of coastal zone habitat can be used to guide the early warning of habitat health risk and to formulate pollution control strategies. In the past, the monitoring of environmental pollution is often based on physical and chemical indicators. However, as the species of pollutants increase gradually, their comprehensive impact on the environment becomes more complex, which makes it difficult to realize the habitat diagnosis based on physical and chemical indicators, in order to reveal the biological populations brought about by the interaction of various pollutants. The effect of community and even ecosystem level is mainly based on the characteristics of microbial community. The comprehensive effects of environmental pollution on the coastal zone of Shenzhen Bay and the risk characteristics of microorganisms in the water environment of Shenzhen Bay were studied. The temporal and spatial changes of microbial community structure, diversity and biomass in Shenzhen Bay were systematically investigated. The following results were obtained: 1) the physical and chemical indexes showed significant differences with spatial changes in Shenzhen Bay. Among them, the dissolved oxygen (do) increased gradually outside the bay, while the biomass, The seasonal variation of chlorophyll, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and total phosphorus in the coastal zone of Shenzhen Bay was significantly larger than that caused by the change of location and depth. The seasonal variation of chlorophyll and dissolved inorganic nitrogen and total phosphorus showed a decreasing spatial distribution from the inner bay to the bay, and the seasonal variation had a greater effect on the microbial community structure in the coastal zone of Shenzhen Bay. Through correlation analysis, it was concluded that the most significant environmental factor affecting the microbial community structure was temperature. In addition, nitrate and ammonia nitrogen had relatively significant effects on the microbial community structure. The effects of heavy rain on the microbial community in Shenzhen Bay water environment are as follows: 1. The diversity of microbial communities in the water environment increased significantly at the beginning of the storm, but returned to the normal level after the rainstorm; Secondly, the proportion of cyanobacteria and actinomycetes in community structure increased obviously after heavy rain.) the total proportion of pathogens in Shenzhen Bay was 2.59 鈥，

本文編號(hào)：1512627