本文關(guān)鍵詞： 海水淡化 污水處理 旋轉(zhuǎn)超空泡蒸發(fā)器 數(shù)值模擬 平面對稱空化器 蒸汽抽取　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著地球淡水資源的枯竭,海水淡化將是未來獲取淡水資源的重要途徑。傳統(tǒng)的熱方法海水淡化方式受結(jié)垢和傳熱系數(shù)的限制,導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)體積龐大、建設(shè)和維修困難。而在超空泡的汽液界面上也有液相的汽化過程,其與壁面沸騰過程類似,但具有更大傳熱系數(shù)。將超空泡技術(shù)引入到海水淡化中,克服了傳統(tǒng)熱方法傳熱系數(shù)限制的問題。旋轉(zhuǎn)超空泡蒸發(fā)器(RSCE)的提出,使得熱方法的海水淡化系統(tǒng)的小型化成為可能。由于其高效的汽液相變方式,RSCE在污水處理等領(lǐng)域也有很好的應(yīng)用前景。本課題采用CFD數(shù)值模擬軟件FLUENT對超空泡進行了數(shù)值模擬研究。首先,對以RSCE葉片為代表的平面對稱空化器和以水下航行體為代表的軸對稱空化器形成超空泡規(guī)律進行了對比,獲得了兩者形成超空泡的差異。然后,對等腰三角形和曲線函數(shù)形狀的平面對稱空化器形成超空泡規(guī)律進行了二維數(shù)值模擬研究。對比了不同形狀的平面對稱空化器形成超空泡的差異,獲得了不同形狀的平面對稱空化器在不同空化數(shù)下形成超空泡的尺寸與所受阻力的擬合公式。其次,利用平面對稱空化器二維數(shù)值模擬得到的擬合公式,設(shè)計出RSCE的三維葉片,對所設(shè)計的葉片形成超空泡的規(guī)律進行了研究。獲得了所設(shè)計葉片在不同轉(zhuǎn)速下形成超空泡的規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)葉片形成超空泡尺寸與設(shè)計值存在差異,并分析了差異產(chǎn)生的原因。獲得了抽汽對葉片超空泡的影響規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)工作溫度的提高對蒸汽抽取量有明顯的提升。建立了葉片工作過程中受阻力矩的估算方法,估算誤差小于2%。最后,改進了葉片設(shè)計方法,設(shè)計出新的旋轉(zhuǎn)葉片,對RSCE熱力學(xué)性能進行了數(shù)值模擬研究。得到了抽汽對整個流域溫度分布的影響規(guī)律,以及汽化過程中超空泡內(nèi)部的溫度變化,初步了解了RSCE的熱力學(xué)特性。
[Abstract]:With the depletion of the freshwater resources of the earth, seawater desalination will be an important way to obtain fresh water resources in the future. The traditional method of seawater desalination is limited by scaling and heat transfer coefficient, resulting in the huge volume of the system. It is difficult to construct and maintain. The vaporization process of liquid phase is also found at the vapor-liquid interface of the supercavitation, which is similar to the boiling process on the wall, but has a larger heat transfer coefficient. The supercavitation technology is introduced into seawater desalination. It overcomes the limitation of heat transfer coefficient of traditional thermal method. It is possible to miniaturize the seawater desalination system by thermal method. Because of its high efficiency vapor-liquid phase transition, RSCE also has a good application prospect in sewage treatment and other fields. In this paper, the CFD numerical simulation software FLUENT is used to simulate the supercavitation. Numerical simulation is carried out. First of all, The law of forming supercavitation between plane symmetric cavitation apparatus represented by RSCE blade and axisymmetric cavitation apparatus represented by underwater vehicle is compared, and the difference between them in forming supercavitation is obtained. A two-dimensional numerical simulation study on the formation of supercavitation in plane symmetric cavitators with isosceles triangle and curve function shapes is carried out, and the differences of the formation of supercavitation in plane symmetric cavitators with different shapes are compared. The fitting formula of the size of supercavitation and the resistance to the formation of supercavitation in plane symmetric cavitation with different shapes are obtained. Secondly, the three-dimensional blade of RSCE is designed by using the fitting formula obtained by two-dimensional numerical simulation of plane symmetric cavitation. In this paper, the law of supercavitation formation of the designed blade is studied, and the law of supercavitation formation at different rotational speeds is obtained. It is found that the size of the blade forming supercavitation is different from the design value. The influence of extraction steam on the supercavitation of the blade is obtained, and it is found that the increase of working temperature can obviously increase the amount of steam extraction. The method of estimating the impingement moment in the working process of the blade is established. The estimation error is less than 2. Finally, the blade design method is improved, a new rotating blade is designed, and the thermodynamic performance of RSCE is numerically simulated. The effect of extraction steam on the temperature distribution of the whole basin is obtained. The thermodynamic properties of RSCE were preliminarily understood by the temperature change in the supercavitation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P747

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本文編號：1512407