發(fā)布時間：2018-02-13 21:14

  本文關鍵詞： 高分辨率 聲學探測 渤海海峽 地貌 災害地質　出處：《中國海洋大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來隨著海洋經濟建設的高速發(fā)展，人類對海洋地質的調查與研究也進入高精度、大比例尺的階段，對海底地形地貌及災害地質探測精度的要求也越來越高，在這種地質背景下高分辨率聲學探測技術得到廣泛的應用與發(fā)展。本文以國家大調查專項在渤海海峽及鄰近海域所采集的最新高精度單波束水深數據、高分辨率淺地層剖面數據及高分辨率側掃聲納數據為依據，，結合歷史資料及研究區(qū)獨特的自然地理環(huán)境、水動力環(huán)境和區(qū)域地質背景等資料，對研究區(qū)的海底地貌及潛在災害地質因素進行了詳細的描述和分析�；谛螒B(tài)成因的原則對研究區(qū)海底地貌進行了分類，并對次一級特殊地貌形態(tài)進行了詳細解譯，構建了較為完善的研究區(qū)海域地貌體系，發(fā)現渤海海峽地貌類型豐富，主要包括海岸帶地貌和陸架地貌兩個二級地貌類型，其中研究區(qū)以陸架地貌為主，主要分為陸架侵蝕堆積平原和陸架侵蝕洼地兩個三級地貌單元，地貌形態(tài)以潮流沖刷槽、沙波、潮流沙脊、淺灘、礁石群等次一級地貌為主，并在側掃聲圖中有明顯反映；通過分析影響渤海海峽地貌的控制因素發(fā)現構造的斷裂和坳陷內營力控制著海峽的基本地貌格局；全球海平面的升降帶來的海侵和海退對研究區(qū)早期地貌形態(tài)有重要影響；海峽中分布的強潮流作用力對海底產生的侵蝕和堆積作用是塑造近代海峽地貌的重要外營力因素；同時人類對環(huán)渤海經濟圈的開發(fā)影響了渤海海峽海底地貌的演化和發(fā)育。另外通過分析高分辨率聲地層剖面資料將渤海海峽自海底向下共分為T0（海底）、T1、T2、T3、T4等4個聲學反射界面和SU1、SU2、SU3、SU4、SU5等5個聲學地層單元，繪制了各個地層單元的等厚度分布圖，發(fā)現SU1至SU4地層單元在老鐵山水道海域均出現了不同程度的缺失，取而代之的是殘留沉積物。最后對渤海海峽海域潛在的災害地質因素進行了詳細分析，分為侵蝕陡坎、沖刷槽、侵蝕洼地、巖礁、潮流沙脊、活動沙波、淺灘以及埋藏基巖面、淺層氣和活動斷層等幾種類型。詳細分析了各類災害地質的分布特征及潛在危害，繪制了研究區(qū)災害地質平面分布圖。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of marine economic construction, human investigation and research on marine geology has entered into the stage of high accuracy and large scale, the requirements of submarine topography and geological exploration accuracy are also becoming higher and higher. In this geological background, high-resolution acoustic detection technology has been widely used and developed. In this paper, the latest high-precision single-beam bathymetric data collected in the Bohai Strait and its adjacent sea area by the National investigation Project are presented. Based on high resolution shallow stratigraphic profile data and high resolution side scan sonar data, combined with historical data and the unique natural geographical environment, hydrodynamic environment and regional geological background of the study area, etc. The submarine geomorphology and potential hazard geological factors in the study area are described and analyzed in detail. Based on the principle of morphological origin, the submarine geomorphology of the study area is classified, and the subprimary special geomorphology is interpreted in detail. A perfect geomorphological system in the sea area of the study area is constructed. It is found that the Bohai Strait is rich in geomorphological types, including coastal geomorphology and shelf geomorphology, in which the continental shelf landform is the main type in the study area. It is mainly divided into two third-grade geomorphologic units: shelf erosion accumulation plain and shelf erosion depression. The geomorphologic forms are mainly tidal current scour trough, sand wave, tidal current sand ridge, shoal, reef group and so on. Through the analysis of the controlling factors affecting the geomorphology of the Bohai Strait, it is found that the tectonic faults and the internal forces in the depression control the basic geomorphologic pattern of the strait, and the transgression and regression caused by the global sea level rise and fall have important effects on the early geomorphological morphology of the study area. The erosion and accumulation of the strong tidal current acting on the sea floor is an important external force factor in shaping the geomorphology of the modern straits. At the same time, the development of the economic circle around the Bohai Sea affected the evolution and development of the seabed geomorphology of the Bohai Strait. In addition, the Bohai Strait was divided into four sounds from the bottom of the sea by analyzing the high-resolution acoustostratigraphic profile data: T0 (T _ (1) T _ (1)) T _ (2) T _ (3) T _ (4) and so on. Five acoustic stratigraphic units, such as the academic reflection interface and the Su _ 1 / S _ 2 / S _ 3 / S _ 4 / S _ 5, etc. The isothickness distribution map of each stratigraphic unit is drawn, and it is found that the SU1 to SU4 stratigraphic units are missing in different degrees in the Laotieshan waterway. In the end, the potential geological hazard factors in the Bohai Strait were analyzed in detail, including erosion steep ridges, scour channels, eroded depressions, reefs, tidal ridges, active sand waves, shoals and buried bedrock. Several types of shallow gas and active fault are analyzed in detail, the distribution characteristics and potential hazards of various types of disaster geology are analyzed in detail, and the plane distribution map of disaster geology in the study area is drawn.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P714;P737.2;P736

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