本文關(guān)鍵詞： 瓊東海域 營養(yǎng)鹽 葉綠素a 季節(jié)變化 周日變化　出處：《廣東海洋大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：瓊東海域位于南海北部大陸架西南緣,處于南海暖流的最西端,是我國著名的上升流海區(qū),營養(yǎng)鹽含量高,出現(xiàn)了清瀾和七州列島等漁場。同時,瓊東海域?qū)儆趤啛釒Ъ撅L區(qū),氣候變化主要受東亞季風控制,夏季盛行暖濕的西南季風,冬季盛行干冷的東北季風。另外,瓊東海域位于海南島東部,受到海南人類活動以及東部沿岸斷續(xù)相間的o_湖水體的影響明顯。這些獨特的地理環(huán)境和氣候以及物理水文條件等對瓊東海域營養(yǎng)鹽與葉綠素a的時空分布具有重要影響。本文依托2012年12月南海開放航次和2013年8月廣東海洋大學開放航次,以瓊東海域為研究區(qū)域,通過對海水中營養(yǎng)鹽與葉綠素a分布的分析,探討瓊東海域營養(yǎng)鹽與葉綠素a的時空分布特征及其季節(jié)變化和日變化的影響因素。本文研究結(jié)論如下:1.通過對2012年冬季和2013年夏季營養(yǎng)鹽時空分布特征進行研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)2012年冬季,調(diào)查海域除了北部站位DIN,SiO32-濃度和DIN/P、Si/P比值較高之外,其余站位營養(yǎng)鹽濃度和比值整體比較低且分布比較均勻。這是由于北部站位受到了具有高濃度DIN、SiO32-和低濃度PO43-的廣東沿岸流的影響。2013年夏季,調(diào)查海域DIN和PO43-濃度與冬季分布相似,分布比較均勻,SiO32-濃度和Si/DIN、Si/P比值則呈近岸高離岸低的分布趨勢。這主要是由于夏季河流徑流量大,瓊東近岸海域受到具有低濃度DIN、PO43-和高濃度SiO32-特征的河流影響,同時夏季近岸生物量增大和層化作用增強,因此DIN和PO43-濃度由于近岸生物利用和層化作用影響分布比較均勻,SiO32-濃度和Si/DIN、Si/P比值由于河流量增大的影響呈近岸高離岸低的分布特點。2.通過對2012年冬季和2013年夏季葉綠素a時空分布特征進行研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)2012年冬季,葉綠素a濃度除了瓊東海域東北部幾個站位濃度比較高之外,整體分布比較均勻。這是由于瓊東海域東北部受到廣東沿岸流影響,沿岸流帶來豐富的營養(yǎng)鹽,促進浮游植物生長。2013年夏季,葉綠素a濃度大體呈現(xiàn)近岸海域高于外海域的分布特征。這可能是由于夏季河流徑流量增大,河流輸入帶來了豐富的營養(yǎng)鹽,促進浮游植物的生長,因此葉綠素a濃度在近岸站位出現(xiàn)高值。夏季葉綠素a濃度明顯大于冬季,這主要是由于夏季河徑流量增大,河徑流影響的范圍大于廣東沿岸流的影響區(qū)域,河流輸入帶來豐富的營養(yǎng)鹽,且夏季光強度增大,光照時間也變長,浮游植物光合作用增強,促進了浮游植物生長,因此夏季葉綠素a濃度高于冬季。3.分析該調(diào)查海域營養(yǎng)鹽對浮游植物生長的可能限制因子發(fā)現(xiàn),冬季表層水體呈現(xiàn)明顯的硅限制,其限制因子幾率為58.83%,夏季呈現(xiàn)氮-硅協(xié)同限制的可能性。這主要是由于生物利用、季節(jié)性的河徑流量、廣東沿岸流以及層化作用的影響,使得營養(yǎng)鹽限制因子由冬季的硅限制轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橄募镜牡凸韫餐拗啤?.通過對2013年夏季近岸站位S1與陸架區(qū)站位S2營養(yǎng)鹽與葉綠素a濃度周日變化進行研究,分析發(fā)現(xiàn)在垂直分布上,近岸站位S1與陸架區(qū)站位S2溫躍層之上的層位(表中層)營養(yǎng)鹽濃度接近,溫躍層之下的層位(底層)營養(yǎng)鹽濃度較高,說明溫躍層可能減弱了營養(yǎng)鹽的向上輸運。在時間變化上,S1站位底層硅酸鹽、硝酸鹽和磷酸鹽濃度具有半日波動的特點,而S2站位的營養(yǎng)鹽則不具有周日波動的現(xiàn)象,這說明近岸站位的營養(yǎng)鹽受到潮汐作用的影響更顯著。S1站位的葉綠素a分層不明顯,夜間的低值體現(xiàn)浮游動物的攝食作用,S2站位的葉綠素a分層明顯,夜間沒體現(xiàn)浮游動物的攝食作用�？傮w上,瓊東海域近岸站位S1和陸架區(qū)站位S2葉綠素a和營養(yǎng)鹽周日波動都受到溫躍層、潮汐、生物作用和光照的影響,但S1站位受潮汐作用影響更顯著,且S1站位葉綠素a濃度還受到浮游動物攝食作用影響。正是由于葉綠素a和營養(yǎng)鹽受到多種環(huán)境要素的影響,使得兩者沒有顯著相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:East coast of Hainan Island is located in the northern continental shelf of South China Sea southwest margin, in the west of South China Sea warm current, upwelling area is famous in China, the nutrient content is high, the Qing Lan and seven state islands and other fisheries. At the same time, east coast of Hainan Island belongs to subtropical monsoon zone, climate change is mainly affected by the East Asian monsoon, warm and humid in the summer the southwest monsoon, the winter prevailing dry northeast monsoon. In addition, east coast of Hainan Island is located in the east of Hainan Island, by human activities in Hainan and the o_ lake along the east coast and the intermittent impact is obvious. The unique geographical environment and climate as well as physical and hydrological conditions have significant influence on nutrient and chlorophyll a of the east coast of Hainan Island based on the temporal and spatial distribution. The South China Sea in December 2012 and August 2013 Guangdong Ocean University open open voyage voyage, on the East Coast of Hainan Island as the study area, based on water nutrients and chlorophyll a distribution Analysis of the influence factors on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and seasonal variation of nutrients and chlorophyll a and diurnal variation in the east coast of Hainan Island. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. through the winter of 2012 and 2013 summer spatio temporal distribution of nutrients were investigated, found in the winter of 2012, in addition to the North Sea survey stations DIN, SiO32- concentration and DIN/P, outside the ratio of Si/P is higher, the nutrient concentration and the ratio of the overall position is relatively low and uniform distribution. This is because the northern stations are having a high concentration of DIN, SiO32- and PO43- of low concentration of Guangdong coastal current impact.2013 summer, similar DIN investigation area and PO43- concentration and distribution in winter, more evenly distributed, the concentration of SiO32- and Si/DIN, Si/P ratio is high inshore and low offshore distribution trend. This is mainly due to the summer runoff of rivers, coastal waters Qiongdong is affected by the low concentration of DIN, PO43- and high The influence of the concentration of SiO32- characteristics of the river, while summer coastal biomass increases and the stratification is enhanced, so the DIN and PO43- concentration due to affect coastal bioavailability and stratification is more evenly distributed, the concentration of SiO32- and Si/DIN, the ratio of Si/P was increased due to the effect of river flow distribution characteristics of.2. in high and low offshore offshore through the study of 2012 the winter and summer of 2013 chlorophyll a space-time distribution characteristics found in the winter of 2012, the concentration of chlorophyll a in addition to the northeast east coast of Hainan Island in several sites of concentration is relatively high, the overall distribution is more uniform. This is due to the northeast by the east coast of Hainan Island Guangdong coastal current, the coastal current has rich nutrients, promote the growth of phytoplankton in the summer of.2013, distribution characteristics chlorophyll a concentrations generally present in coastal waters is higher than that of the outer sea. This may be due to the summer runoff increases, the river input brings The rich in nutrients, promote the growth of phytoplankton, the chlorophyll a concentration had a high value in inshore station. Chlorophyll a concentration in summer was significantly higher than that in winter, which is mainly due to the summer river runoff range of river runoff effect is greater than the effect area of Guangdong coastal current, the river input brings abundant nutrients, and summer light the light intensity increases, time is long, phytoplankton photosynthesis, promote the growth of phytoplankton, the chlorophyll a concentration in summer than in winter and.3. analysis of the investigation area of nutrients on phytoplankton growth may be limiting factor that winter surface water has obvious limitation of silicon and its limited factors, the probability is 58.83%, showing the possibility of nitrogen in summer silicon synergistic restrictions. This is mainly due to the biological utilization, seasonal river runoff and Guangdong coastal current and the influence of stratification, the nutrient limitation Factor change from silicon limitation in winter for nitrogen and silicon in summer limited.4. through the study of the 2013 summer inshore station and continental shelf area at S2 S1 nutrient and chlorophyll a concentration Sunday change, analysis found in the vertical distribution, and the continental shelf inshore station S1 station S2 thermocline layer above the horizon (table middle) the nutrient concentration near the thermocline below the horizon (bottom) nutrient concentration is higher, indicating the thermocline may nutrients to transport the weakened. In the change of time, the underlying S1 station has the characteristics of semi diurnal fluctuations of silicate, nitrate and phosphate concentration, and nutrient S2 stations are not Sunday has fluctuation, which indicates that nutrients in coastal stations affected by the tidal effect is more significant in site.S1 chlorophyll a layer is not obvious, feeding effects of planktonic animal low value at night, leaves green site S2 a layered Obviously, the night did not reflect the effect of feeding planktonic animal. Overall, Qiongdong offshore stations S1 and S2 stations in the continental shelf area of chlorophyll a and nutrients on Sunday by thermocline fluctuations, tides, bio effect and light, but the station S1 by the tidal effect is more significant, and the chlorophyll a concentration also S1 station affected by planktonic animal feeding. It is due to the impact effect of chlorophyll a and nutrients is affected by many environmental factors, which both have no significant correlation.

【學位授予單位】：廣東海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P734

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