本文關(guān)鍵詞： LUCC 景觀指數(shù) 海岸帶濕地 圍填海　出處：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院（東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所）》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：渤海灣海岸帶地區(qū)是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)最發(fā)達(dá)且發(fā)展速度較快的區(qū)域之一，具有極其重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位。但由于快速發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)，當(dāng)?shù)氐木坝^格局發(fā)生了巨大的變化，生態(tài)多樣性和穩(wěn)定性遭到破壞。而圍填�；顒�(dòng)與之有著密切聯(lián)系，尤其對(duì)海岸帶濕地有著重要的影響。為了詳細(xì)了解渤海灣在改革開放以來的景觀格局變化和圍填�；顒�(dòng)的相關(guān)影響，本文利用遙感解譯的方法獲取了研究區(qū)1980、1990、2000、2010的土地利用/土地覆蓋數(shù)據(jù)，以此來研究渤海灣海岸帶地區(qū)的土地利用/土地覆蓋變化、景觀格局變化及驅(qū)動(dòng)力、圍填海活動(dòng)及其對(duì)海岸帶濕地影響。結(jié)果如下： （1）研究區(qū)耕地類型的變化非常明顯，其中耕地內(nèi)部類型的轉(zhuǎn)換在1990-2000尤為突出，大部分水田轉(zhuǎn)換為旱地，主要在于農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水配給不足。而從該時(shí)期的養(yǎng)殖池面積有較大幅度增加，居工用地的增加可知，部分水被用于養(yǎng)殖和居民生活，使得農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水減少�？傮w上，耕地的面積總體上呈現(xiàn)減少趨勢(shì)，特別是水田面積大幅減少，大部分轉(zhuǎn)化為居工用地，導(dǎo)致許多優(yōu)質(zhì)的耕地被占用。 （2）研究區(qū)居工用地一直在增加，尤其是經(jīng)濟(jì)較為發(fā)達(dá)的城市地區(qū)，如天津、唐山、盤錦、東營。人口增加是居工用地增加的主要原因，但由于耕地受到國家保護(hù)，不能持續(xù)供給居工用地的需求，而導(dǎo)致了向?yàn)┩�、海域等濕地的擴(kuò)展，即圍填海活動(dòng)的增加。而且由于缺乏相應(yīng)的保護(hù)、指導(dǎo)等措施和建議，，大量的沼澤地、灘涂遭到了嚴(yán)重的破壞。 （3）通過對(duì)研究區(qū)進(jìn)行景觀指數(shù)分析，獲取了研究區(qū)各類型的格局變化。耕地整體上的優(yōu)勢(shì)度還在，穩(wěn)定性較好，但是破碎化程度增加，優(yōu)勢(shì)性也在逐漸降低。居工用地面積則逐漸增加，聚合度較高，整體優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯，并有成為主導(dǎo)地物類型的趨勢(shì)。養(yǎng)殖池先是增加，后由于區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、產(chǎn)業(yè)變化而導(dǎo)致其減少，并有逐漸退化的趨勢(shì)。沼澤地、灘涂等海岸帶濕地不斷退化，景觀破碎性加大，穩(wěn)定性減弱，急需相應(yīng)的保護(hù)措施。 （4）通過對(duì)研究區(qū)景觀格局及類型的變化分析，可知，人為因子是研究區(qū)景觀格局變化的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因子。農(nóng)業(yè)、漁業(yè)的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)是海岸帶濕地減少的主要因素，水田—旱地間頻繁轉(zhuǎn)化也來歸因于農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的需求。而隨著研究區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的增多，城鎮(zhèn)化速度加快，人口集聚，使得居工用地的需求急劇增加，從而致使其它地物類型面積減小，引起整個(gè)區(qū)域格局變化，破壞了整個(gè)區(qū)域景觀的穩(wěn)定性。 （5）圍填�；顒�(dòng)是導(dǎo)致研究區(qū)景觀格局變化最為重要的因素之一。主要分布在經(jīng)濟(jì)比較發(fā)達(dá)的城市及河口地區(qū)，包括有天津、唐山、黃河口地區(qū)。大部分的圍填�；顒�(dòng)位于灘涂和近海水域區(qū)域，主要用于養(yǎng)殖池、港口、居住地等。大量的圍填�；顒�(dòng)導(dǎo)致了海岸帶濕地面積急劇減少，造成了海岸帶濕地的退化，約70%的濕地縮減與其直接相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:The coastal zone of Bohai Bay is one of the most developed and fast developing regions in China, which has an extremely important economic status. However, due to the rapid development of the economy, the local landscape pattern has undergone tremendous changes. Ecological diversity and stability have been damaged, and reclamation activities are closely linked. In order to understand the landscape pattern changes of Bohai Bay since the reform and opening up and the related impact of reclamation activities. In this paper, the land use / land cover data of 1980 / 1990 / 2000 / 2010 were obtained by means of remote sensing interpretation. In order to study the land use / land cover change, landscape pattern change and driving force, reclamation activities and their impacts on coastal wetland in the coastal zone of Bohai Bay, the results are as follows: 1) the change of cultivated land type in the study area is very obvious, especially in 1990-2000, the conversion of most paddy fields into dryland. The main reason lies in the insufficient allocation of agricultural irrigation water. However, the area of aquaculture ponds has increased by a large margin during this period, and the increase of residential land shows that some of the water is used for breeding and living. On the whole, the area of cultivated land has a decreasing trend, especially the area of paddy field has been greatly reduced, most of it has been converted into residential land, resulting in the occupation of a lot of high quality cultivated land. (2) the residential land in the study area has been increasing, especially in the more developed urban areas, such as Tianjin, Tangshan, Panjin, Dongying. The increase in population is the main reason for the increase of residential land. However, because the cultivated land is protected by the state, the demand for residential land can not be sustained, which leads to the expansion of wetlands such as beach and sea area, that is, the increase of reclamation activities, and because of the lack of corresponding protection. Guidance and other measures and suggestions, a large number of marshlands, beach has been seriously damaged. Through the landscape index analysis of the study area, the pattern changes of various types in the study area are obtained. The overall dominance of cultivated land is still there, the stability is good, but the degree of fragmentation is increased. The dominance is also gradually decreasing. The area of residential land is gradually increasing, the degree of aggregation is higher, the overall advantage is obvious, and there is a trend to become the dominant type of features. The aquaculture pool first increased, then due to the development of regional economy. The wetland in the coastal zone, such as marshland, beach and so on, is degraded continuously, the landscape fragmentation is increased, and the stability is weakened, so the corresponding protection measures are urgently needed. Through the analysis of landscape pattern and type in the study area, we can see that human factor is the main driving factor of landscape pattern change in the study area. The production activity of fishery is the main factor of wetland reduction in coastal zone. The frequent transformation between paddy field and dryland is also attributed to the demand of agricultural development. However, with the increase of economic activities in the study area, the speed of urbanization accelerates. The population agglomeration makes the demand for residential land increase sharply, which results in the decrease of the area of other types of features, the change of the whole regional pattern, and the destruction of the stability of the whole regional landscape. Reclamation is one of the most important factors leading to the change of landscape pattern in the study area. It is mainly distributed in economically developed cities and estuaries, including Tianjin and Tangshan. The Yellow River estuary area. Most of the reclamation activities are located in the tidal flat and offshore waters, mainly used in aquaculture ponds, ports, settlements and so on. A large number of reclamation activities resulted in a sharp reduction of coastal wetland area. This resulted in the degradation of coastal wetland, which is directly related to about 70% of wetland reduction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P748;P901;P237

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