本文關(guān)鍵詞： 起重設(shè)備 滑動(dòng)式回轉(zhuǎn)支承 潤(rùn)滑材料 軌壓 均衡性　出處：《大連交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海洋工程設(shè)備在海洋工程的飛速發(fā)展中起著舉足輕重的作用。浮吊是海洋工程中常用的工程船舶,海上平臺(tái)的安裝與拆卸、大型跨海大橋建設(shè)以及深水鋪管作業(yè)等超大噸位的吊裝都離不開(kāi)大型浮吊�；剞D(zhuǎn)支承是起重設(shè)備重要的承載部件,是決定起重量、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)安全性與平穩(wěn)性的關(guān)鍵因素之一,超大型全回轉(zhuǎn)起重設(shè)備對(duì)回轉(zhuǎn)支承承載性能有極高的要求。超大噸位起重設(shè)備常用的回轉(zhuǎn)支承結(jié)構(gòu)有臺(tái)車式和滾子夾套式兩種形式,二者有不同特點(diǎn),限制起重能力�；瑒�(dòng)式回轉(zhuǎn)支承是一種新型的回轉(zhuǎn)支承,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,重心低,穩(wěn)定性高,承載面積大,承載性能好,但有些問(wèn)題需要研究,如滑道與軌道之間軌壓均衡、回轉(zhuǎn)工況滑動(dòng)摩擦等問(wèn)題。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,本文以滑動(dòng)式回轉(zhuǎn)支承為研究對(duì)象,從影響其回轉(zhuǎn)性能的相關(guān)力學(xué)問(wèn)題入手,建立了滑動(dòng)式回轉(zhuǎn)支承的有限元模型,采用有限元接觸理論以及瞬態(tài)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析方法,分析了制約起重設(shè)備回轉(zhuǎn)性能的主要因素,解決了滑動(dòng)接觸面軌壓不均衡問(wèn)題。主要做了以下研究工作:建立了滑動(dòng)式回轉(zhuǎn)支承滑道與固定軌道之間鋼—鋼接觸以及在滑動(dòng)面之間增加潤(rùn)滑材料墊層兩種分析模型,并采用實(shí)體單元對(duì)滑道接觸區(qū)域進(jìn)行細(xì)化,以便較為準(zhǔn)確的模擬滑動(dòng)面上的接觸狀態(tài)。研究了回轉(zhuǎn)梁結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)滑動(dòng)面軌壓分布的影響。通過(guò)對(duì)軌壓分布曲線進(jìn)行分析比較,提出了回轉(zhuǎn)梁徑向結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、端部結(jié)構(gòu)擴(kuò)展以及環(huán)向結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整三類調(diào)整措施。研究了潤(rùn)滑材料對(duì)滑動(dòng)式回轉(zhuǎn)支承回轉(zhuǎn)性能的影響。分析了靜載、回轉(zhuǎn)兩種工況下滑動(dòng)面上的軌壓分布規(guī)律。分析了滑動(dòng)面上的摩擦力分布規(guī)律,介紹了計(jì)算滑動(dòng)式回轉(zhuǎn)支承摩擦阻力矩的有限元瞬態(tài)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析方法,比較了潤(rùn)滑材料與液體潤(rùn)滑兩種潤(rùn)滑方式對(duì)回轉(zhuǎn)性能的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:回轉(zhuǎn)梁結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整改善了滑動(dòng)面徑向與環(huán)向上的軌壓分布均衡性,軌道端部擴(kuò)展方案降低了滑道端部幾何尖點(diǎn)造成的應(yīng)力集中,整個(gè)滑動(dòng)面上的軌壓分布得到進(jìn)一步均衡。潤(rùn)滑材料墊層剛度較弱,具有較好的變形協(xié)調(diào)能力。增加潤(rùn)滑材料墊層后,接觸區(qū)域從筋板下方擴(kuò)展到整個(gè)滑動(dòng)面,軌壓分布曲線基本接近,軌壓分布得到較好的均衡。此外,由于潤(rùn)滑材料摩擦系數(shù)較小,摩擦阻力矩得到顯著的降低,進(jìn)一步提高了起重設(shè)備的回轉(zhuǎn)性能。
[Abstract]:Offshore engineering equipment plays an important role in the rapid development of ocean engineering. Floating crane is a commonly used engineering ship, installation and demolition of offshore platform. The construction of large bridge across the sea and the lifting of large tonnage such as deep water pipe laying can not be separated from the large floating crane. The slewing bearing is an important bearing part of lifting equipment and the decision of lifting weight. One of the key factors for the safety and stability of the operation. There are very high requirements for the bearing capacity of the slewing bearing for the super-large full-rotary crane. There are two types of the slewing bearing structure in common use for super-large tonnage hoisting equipment, one is the type of trolley and the other is the type of roller clamping sleeve, and the two have different characteristics. Sliding slewing bearing is a new type of slewing bearing with compact structure, low center of gravity, high stability, large bearing area and good bearing capacity, but some problems need to be studied. For example, the rail pressure balance between the track and track, sliding friction in the rotary condition, and so on. In view of the above problems, this paper takes the sliding slewing bearing as the research object, starting with the related mechanical problems which affect the rotary performance of the sliding bearing. The finite element model of sliding slewing support is established, and the main factors restricting the rotary performance of hoisting equipment are analyzed by using finite element contact theory and transient dynamic analysis method. The unbalance of rail pressure on sliding contact surface is solved. The following research work is done:. Two analysis models of steel-steel contact between sliding slewing bearing slide track and fixed track and the addition of lubricating material cushion between sliding surface are established. The contact area of the sliding track is refined by solid element. In order to simulate the contact state on the sliding surface accurately, the influence of the structure of the rotating beam on the rail pressure distribution of the sliding surface is studied. Through the analysis and comparison of the rail pressure distribution curve, the radial structure adjustment of the rotating beam is proposed. The influence of lubricating materials on the rotary performance of sliding slewing bearing is studied, and the static load is analyzed. The distribution law of rail pressure on sliding surface under two conditions of rotation is analyzed. The law of friction force distribution on sliding surface is analyzed and the finite element transient dynamic analysis method for calculating friction resistance moment of sliding slewing bearing is introduced. The effects of lubricating materials and liquid lubrication on the rotary performance are compared. The results show that the adjustment of the structure of the rotating beam improves the equilibrium of the rail pressure distribution between the radial and annular direction of the sliding surface. The rail end expansion scheme reduces the stress concentration caused by the geometric tip of the end of the slide track, and the rail pressure distribution on the whole sliding surface is further balanced, and the stiffness of the lubricating material cushion is relatively weak. The contact area extends from the bottom of the stiffened plate to the whole sliding surface, the distribution curve of rail pressure is close, and the distribution of rail pressure is well balanced. Because the friction coefficient of lubricating material is small, the friction resistance moment is obviously reduced, which further improves the rotary performance of hoisting equipment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P75;TH703.3

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