本文關(guān)鍵詞： 凝油劑 消油劑 生物毒性 發(fā)光細菌 海水青溕　出處：《青島科技大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)不斷發(fā)展,石油在工業(yè)發(fā)展中起著不可替代的作用,然而溢油污染問題也越來越嚴峻。溢油可以使海洋的生態(tài)環(huán)境和海洋生物遭到一定程度的破壞,并且會進一步對陸地的生物安全也造成一定損害。近些年,海洋溢油處理手段主要有三類：物理方法、化學方法和生物方法。物理方法處理溢油工程量比較大,而且大多數(shù)情況下處理溢油不夠徹底。通過海洋微生物降解石油烴是一種處理溢油污染的有效途徑,但是在很多情況下溢油污染應急處置工作中需要處理周期短、且能重新回收溢油的途徑[3]。因此,凝油劑和消油劑作為一種方便的除油劑被廣泛使用,但是它們在推薦使用量范圍內(nèi)是否會對海洋環(huán)境造成污染,尤其是對海洋微生物群落、魚類、貝類以及藻類生存的影響等方面還少有報道。因此,出于溢油應急處置的環(huán)境安全性考慮,評價凝油劑和消油劑的生物毒性就顯得尤為重要[4]。本論文為評價海洋溢油應急處置過程中所使用的凝油劑和消油劑的環(huán)境安全性,以發(fā)光細菌(Acinetobacter sp.Tox2和Acinetobacter sp.RecA)和海水青溕y (marine medaka)幼魚為測試生物,對國內(nèi)外10種凝油劑和6種消油劑的急性毒性和遺傳毒性進行了綜合評估。結(jié)果顯示,在凝油劑生物毒性評價中,采用發(fā)光細菌法檢測到FOA、GMN-01等兩種凝油劑具有一定水平的急性毒性,其毒性當量相當于0.067mg/L、0.084 mg/L的HgCl2,NORSOREX凝油劑具有一定水平的遺傳毒性其毒性當量相當于0.307 mg/L的MMC；然而,在魚類暴露實驗中并沒有檢測到上述樣品明顯的急性毒性或遺傳毒性。研究表明,本文所選取的10種凝油劑在96 h內(nèi)均對高等生物(魚類)沒有明顯的急性毒性或遺傳毒性,而發(fā)光細菌法在凝油劑生物毒性檢測中的靈敏度更高。在消油劑生物毒性評價中,采用發(fā)光細菌法檢測到RS-I(常規(guī)型)消油劑,在樣品濃度較高(1.0g/L～5.0 g/L)時,其HgCl2當量濃度分別為0.05 mg/L和0.16mg/L,具有較高的急性毒性；HLD-501消油劑樣品,在高濃度(0.5 g/L～1.0g/L)時表現(xiàn)出較低的遺傳毒性,其MMC毒性當量分別為0.39 mg/L和0.32 mg/L。在魚類暴露實驗中檢測到RS-Ⅰ(常規(guī)型)有較強急性毒性(致死率),在24h內(nèi)即可對海水青溕仔魚造成100%的死亡。而HLD-501有明顯的遺傳毒性(DNA損傷率)。其損傷水平卻達到3級,屬于非常嚴重的損傷等級,表明該消油劑的遺傳毒性可能具有不可恢復性,潛在的危害較大。該研究可為凝油劑和消油劑用于處理實際溢油污染的環(huán)境安全性指標提供參考。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of industry, oil plays an irreplaceable role in the industrial development. However, the oil spill pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. Oil spill can damage the marine ecological environment and marine life to a certain extent. In recent years, there are three kinds of marine oil spill treatment methods: physical method, chemical method and biological method. In most cases, the treatment of oil spills is not thorough enough. The degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by marine microorganisms is an effective way to deal with oil spill pollution. However, in many cases, the emergency disposal of oil spill pollution needs to be dealt with in a short period of time, and the way to recover oil spill can be reclaimed. [3. As a result, oil coagulants and oil suppressants are widely used as a convenient degreasing agent, but whether they can cause pollution to the marine environment within the recommended use range, especially for marine microbial communities, fish. There are few reports on the effects of shellfish and algae on their survival. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the biological toxicity of oil spill agents and oil suppressants for the sake of environmental safety of oil spill emergency disposal. [The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the environmental safety of the oil coagulants and oil suppressants used in the process of marine oil spill emergency disposal. The luminescent bacteria Acinetobacter sp.Tox2 and Acinetobacter sp. Marine medaka) juvenile fish for testing organisms. The acute toxicity and genetic toxicity of 10 kinds of oil coagulants and 6 kinds of oil suppressants at home and abroad were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that FOA was detected by luminescent bacteria method in the biotoxicity evaluation of oil coagulants. GMN-01 and other oil coagulants have a certain level of acute toxicity, whose toxicity equivalent is 0.067 mg / L 0.084 mg/L HgCl2. The NORSOREX coagulant has a certain level of genotoxicity and its toxicity equivalent is equal to 0.307 mg/L. However, no significant acute or genetic toxicity was detected in the fish exposure test. There was no obvious acute toxicity or genetic toxicity to higher organisms (fish) within 96 h. In the evaluation of biotoxicity of oil suppressants, RS-I- (conventional) oil suppressants were detected by luminescent bacteria method. The HgCl2 equivalent concentration was 0. 05 mg/L and 0. 16 mg / L at high concentration of 1.0 g 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1), respectively, which showed higher acute toxicity. The sample of HLD-501 oil suppressant showed low genotoxicity at high concentration of 0.5 g / L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1). The MMC toxicity equivalent was 0.39 mg/L and 0.32 mg / L, respectively. RS- 鈪，

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