本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于N-S方程不同簡化形式海洋災(zāi)害數(shù)學(xué)模型的應(yīng)用研究　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 海洋災(zāi)害 水動(dòng)力 溢油 海嘯 風(fēng)暴潮 數(shù)學(xué)模型

【摘要】：我國海岸線綿長、海域面積廣大,是一個(gè)海洋大國。各種海洋災(zāi)害的發(fā)生威脅了沿岸居民和出海人員的生命安全,也造成了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。海洋災(zāi)害的種類很多,其中海嘯、風(fēng)暴潮、溢油是幾種典型的海洋動(dòng)力和環(huán)境災(zāi)害。海洋災(zāi)害數(shù)學(xué)模型的研究可為各種海洋災(zāi)害科學(xué)預(yù)警提供依據(jù)。海洋災(zāi)害數(shù)學(xué)模型的基礎(chǔ)是建立較高精度的水動(dòng)力場(chǎng),依據(jù)不同災(zāi)害產(chǎn)生的原因附加不同的作用場(chǎng)。本文系統(tǒng)推導(dǎo)了三維納維-斯托克斯方程的垂向積分形式。提出海洋災(zāi)害數(shù)學(xué)模型是不同控制方程、考慮因素、離散方法的組合模型,組合模型的基礎(chǔ)是納維-斯托克斯方程。以此思想為出發(fā)點(diǎn),本文建立了四種形式的海洋災(zāi)害數(shù)學(xué)模型。(1)系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)了幾種海洋災(zāi)害數(shù)學(xué)模型的離散形式和控制方程。以風(fēng)暴潮災(zāi)害、海上溢油災(zāi)害、垂向二維油膜水體運(yùn)動(dòng)模型為實(shí)例,分別介紹了ADI差分格式、有限元法的離散過程、SPH方法的建模過程。以海嘯數(shù)學(xué)模型為實(shí)例介紹了以Boussinesq方程為控制方程的波浪模型。以風(fēng)暴潮和海上溢油模型為實(shí)例介紹了淺水環(huán)流方程為控制方程的水動(dòng)力模型。(2)建立了 2011年日本海嘯的局地海嘯數(shù)學(xué)模型,模型包括海嘯源初始位移場(chǎng)模型和海嘯波傳播模型。在海嘯源模型中考慮不同海底地形的初始場(chǎng),根據(jù)水面與海底地形變化體積相同的等水體量法,確定了圓形和狹長型變形體積系數(shù)。海嘯波傳播模型以Boussinesq方程為控制方程,以ADI方法為離散方式,提出了增加以輻射應(yīng)力為作用形式的能量變化項(xiàng),模擬了海嘯波能量傳播過程,并對(duì)波動(dòng)水邊界提出了改進(jìn)方法。模型計(jì)算波高及其到達(dá)時(shí)間與實(shí)測(cè)值吻合較好。(3)建立了黃渤海風(fēng)暴潮數(shù)學(xué)模型。模型采用淺水環(huán)流方程作為潮流計(jì)算控制方程,同時(shí)考慮風(fēng)場(chǎng)和SWAN模式計(jì)算的波浪場(chǎng),對(duì)波浪輻射應(yīng)力作用的風(fēng)暴潮計(jì)算增水影響進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明輻射應(yīng)力對(duì)流速影響較明顯,對(duì)水位影響不大。(4)建立了基于SPH方法的垂向二維油膜水體運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)值模型。對(duì)水上、水下油膜運(yùn)動(dòng)以及波浪條件下油膜運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行了研究。探討了不同密度、不同粘性水油運(yùn)動(dòng)模式對(duì)模型結(jié)果的影響。提出了密度重分布法和過渡粒子法,對(duì)油水兩相流模型進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)。模型計(jì)算油膜擴(kuò)展尺度和時(shí)間與費(fèi)伊模型計(jì)算結(jié)果相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.998。(5 )建立了欒家口港海上溢油數(shù)學(xué)模型。模型中綜合考慮了潮流、風(fēng)波、油膜等多種運(yùn)動(dòng)因素。提出了包括油膜邊界運(yùn)動(dòng)模式和吸附邊界處理模式的多島嶼海域油膜擴(kuò)移的模擬方法,在油膜邊緣內(nèi)部考慮油品揮發(fā)和鋪展的厚度,在近岸和島嶼附近考慮油膜吸附和乳化作用。應(yīng)用模型建立了不同動(dòng)力條件、溢油點(diǎn)、油品種類、溢油方式的30個(gè)溢油情景。對(duì)不同情景油膜的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡和油膜覆蓋面積進(jìn)行了分析。
[Abstract]:China has a long coastline and vast sea area. It is a large marine country. The occurrence of various marine disasters has threatened the lives of coastal residents and sea people. It also caused huge economic losses. There are many kinds of marine disasters, including tsunamis and storm surges. Oil spill is a typical marine dynamic and environmental disaster. The study of marine disaster mathematical model can provide the basis for scientific early warning of various marine disasters. The foundation of marine disaster mathematical model is to establish a high precision hydrodynamic field. In this paper, the vertical integral form of three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation is derived according to the cause of different disasters, and the mathematical model of marine disaster is put forward, which is different control equation, and the factors are taken into account. The combined model of discrete method is based on the Navier-Stokes equation. In this paper, four kinds of marine disaster mathematical models are established. (1) the discrete forms and control equations of several marine disaster mathematical models are summarized systematically. The vertical two-dimensional oil film water motion model is used as an example to introduce the discrete process of ADI difference scheme and finite element method. The modeling process of SPH method. Taking the tsunami mathematical model as an example, the wave model with Boussinesq equation as governing equation is introduced. The shallow water circulation square is introduced by taking storm surge and offshore oil spill model as examples. A hydrodynamic model with a governing equation. 2) the local tsunami mathematical model of 2011 tsunami in Japan is established. The model includes the initial displacement field model of the tsunami source and the tsunami wave propagation model. The initial field of different submarine topography is considered in the tsunami source model. The wave propagation model takes Boussinesq equation as the governing equation and ADI method as the discrete mode. An energy change term in the form of radiation stress is proposed to simulate the energy propagation process of the tsunami wave. An improved method is proposed for the boundary of fluctuating water. The calculated wave height and its arrival time are in good agreement with the measured values. A mathematical model of storm surge in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea is established. The shallow water circulation equation is used as the governing equation of tidal current calculation. At the same time, considering the wind field and the wave field calculated by SWAN model, the effect of storm surge calculation on wave radiation stress is studied. The results show that the effect of radiation stress on velocity is obvious. The numerical model of vertical two-dimensional oil film water movement based on SPH method is established. The oil film motion under water and wave conditions is studied. The effects of different density and different viscous water and oil motion modes on the model results are discussed. The density redistribution method and the transition particle method are proposed. The oil-water two-phase flow model is improved. The correlation coefficient between the model and the Fay model is 0.998.5. A mathematical model of oil spill in Luanjiakou port is established. The tidal current is taken into account in the model. Wind wave, oil film and other moving factors. A simulation method of oil film expansion in multi-island sea area including oil film boundary motion model and adsorption boundary treatment model is proposed. The thickness of oil volatilization and spread is considered in the edge of oil film, and the adsorption and emulsification of oil film are considered near shore and island. Different dynamic conditions, oil spill point and oil product type are established by using the model. In this paper, 30 oil spill scenarios of different oil spill modes were used to analyze the motion track and the covering area of oil film in different scenarios.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P73;X43

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