本文關(guān)鍵詞：北極海水中氟氯烴分布特征和示蹤研究　出處：《國家海洋局第一海洋研究所》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 氟氯烴 吹掃捕集 氣相色譜 ECD 水團(tuán)年齡 水團(tuán)示蹤

【摘要】：氟氯烴(CFCs)在大氣環(huán)境科學(xué)、氣候變化研究方面一直受到廣泛的關(guān)注從二十世紀(jì)70年代開始,氟氯烴在示蹤海洋水系結(jié)構(gòu)、洋流水團(tuán)運(yùn)動及其相互作用、水團(tuán)年齡、海氣交換過程的研究價值日益顯著。20世紀(jì)80年代后期,CFCs的生產(chǎn)達(dá)到了高峰,在對其實(shí)行控制之前,全世界向大氣中排放的氟氯烴己達(dá)到了2000萬噸。近幾十年來,由于人類釋放了大量氟氯烴等破壞臭氧的物質(zhì),臭氧層不時出現(xiàn)一些空洞,特別是在南極地區(qū)每年冬天都會觀測到臭氧空洞。2011年確認(rèn)北極臭氧減少幅度打破了觀測記錄,首次出現(xiàn)了類似南極上空的臭氧空洞。國際上普遍采用自行設(shè)計(jì)的吹掃捕集裝置富集海水中氟氯烴,然后采用氣相色譜一電子捕獲檢測器進(jìn)行分析檢測。本文結(jié)合國際上現(xiàn)有研究成果,自主開發(fā)了一種新型氟氯烴檢測裝置,并完成了應(yīng)用于北極海水中氟氯烴現(xiàn)場測定的前期基礎(chǔ)性研究。自行設(shè)計(jì)吹掃捕集-氣相色譜-ECD檢測系統(tǒng),優(yōu)化實(shí)驗(yàn)條件,成功測定四種CFCs。主要實(shí)驗(yàn)流程：將25 mL水樣注入吹掃室中,吹掃氣體為高純氮?dú)?流速70 mL/min,吹掃時間5 min,捕集溫度-37℃,解析溫度130℃,脫附時間2.5 min,使目標(biāo)物進(jìn)入氣相色譜分離檢測。氣相色譜載氣壓力為0.066 MPa；色譜柱箱恒溫50℃,檢測器溫度280℃。本實(shí)驗(yàn)以CFCs標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氣體進(jìn)樣,體積為20μL,平行測定3次,以吹掃1 h的水樣作為空白水樣,測定空白值,計(jì)算回收率�；厥章蔆FC-12為98.8%±1.5%,CFC-11為99.9%±1.8%,CFC-113為98.9%±3.9%,CC14為97.1%±1.8%,表明該法回收率較高。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氣體中的CFCs經(jīng)低溫吹掃捕集,再加熱解析后進(jìn)入氣相色譜儀分析。結(jié)果表明,測得的氟氯烴的精密度符合分析實(shí)驗(yàn)的要求,CFC-12、CFC-11、CFC-113、CCl4的相對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差(RSD)均在5%之內(nèi)。將該方法用于測定第五次北極科考的海水樣品,以北冰洋的白令海、白令海峽、楚科奇海及挪威-格陵蘭海為研究海區(qū),考察這些海區(qū)的CFCs的含量、分布與地形地貌及其它相關(guān)要素的關(guān)系；根據(jù)這些分布特征,研究北冰洋的水團(tuán)表觀年齡。我們初步分析CFCs濃度與溫度、鹽度的關(guān)系,以期對深層水團(tuán)示蹤提供支持。將白令海BL斷面的水團(tuán)分為高溫低鹽、高溫高鹽、低溫低鹽、低溫高鹽四種水團(tuán)。從CFCs的濃度角度分析,我們可以大膽猜想不同溫度、鹽度的水團(tuán)CFCs有其特定的濃度范圍,反過來CFCs可以指示水團(tuán)的變化,可以根據(jù)CFCs的不同濃度,以及不同CFCs之間的比值確定水團(tuán)來源是否一致。將格陵蘭海BB斷面的水團(tuán)分為高溫低鹽、高溫高鹽、低溫低鹽、低溫高鹽四種水團(tuán)。將挪威海AT斷面的水團(tuán)分為高溫高鹽、低溫低鹽、低溫高鹽三種水團(tuán)。運(yùn)用自己制作的圖表分析前人測定的CFCs濃度及比值,提出合理懷疑并分析原因。采用pCFCs定年法對白令海、挪威-格陵蘭海的深層水團(tuán)的表觀年齡進(jìn)行了估算。結(jié)果表明：對于白令海深層水團(tuán),pCFC-12算法得到年齡分布在46～54年,pCFC-11算法得到的年齡分布在42～47年。對于挪威-格陵蘭海深層水團(tuán),pCFC-12算法得到水團(tuán)年齡分布在40-54年,pCFC-11算法得到的水團(tuán)年齡分布在43～59年。
[Abstract]:Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in atmospheric environmental science, climate change research has attracted extensive attention from the beginning of twentieth Century 70s, CFCs in tracer of oceanic water structure, ocean water mass movement and the interaction between water age, air sea exchange of value increasingly prominent.20 century in late 80s, CFCs production reached a peak, before the in fact, for the whole world to control emissions in the atmosphere has reached 20 million tons of CFCs. In recent decades, due to the release of a large number of human CFCs and other ozone destroying the ozone layer material, from time to time, some of the holes, especially the ozone hole observed.2011 years to confirm the Arctic ozone reduction broke the record in the Antarctic region every winter for the first time, similar to the Antarctic ozone hole. The commonly used international designed by Purge and trap device in seawater fluoride enrichment Chlorinated hydrocarbon, then using gas chromatography with electron capture detector was used for analysis. Based on existing research results, developed a new kind of CFC detection device, and completed the early basic research was applied to the determination of the Arctic sea chlorofluorocarbons site. Since the design of purge and trap gas chromatography with -ECD detection the system, optimizing the experimental conditions, the successful determination of four CFCs. experimental procedures: 25 mL water injected into the purge chamber, a purge gas for high pure nitrogen flow rate of 70 mL/min, 5 min purge time, trapping temperature is -37 DEG C, analytical 130 degrees Celsius temperature, desorption time of 2.5 min, which entered into gas phase chromatographic separation of gas chromatography to detect the target. The pressure of the gas is 0.066 MPa; chromatographic column box with constant temperature of 50 DEG C, the detector temperature is 280 degrees centigrade. In this experiment, the CFCs standard gas sampling volume, 20 L, 3 determinations to purge 1 h water as the blank sample Determination of blank value, the recovery rate was calculated. The recovery rate of CFC-12 was 98.8% + 1.5%, CFC-11 = 99.9% + 1.8% + 3.9%, CFC-113 was 98.9%, CC14 was 97.1% + 1.8%, shows that the recovery rate is high. The standard CFCs in the gas by cryogenic purge and trap, and then enters the heating analytical gas chromatography analysis. The results show that the measured precision according to experimental analysis of chlorofluorocarbons requirements, CFC-12, CFC-11, CFC-113, the relative standard deviation of CCl4 (RSD) were within 5%. The method for the determination of fifth seawater samples of the Arctic expedition to the Arctic, Bering Sea, Bering Sea and the Norway gorge, Chukotka the Greenland Sea as the research area, the area of CFCs was studied. The relationship between distribution and topography and other related factors; according to the distribution feature of the water table of the Arctic ocean view, age. Our preliminary analysis of CFCs concentration and temperature, salinity, in order to deep Layer water mass tracer to provide support. The BL section of the Bering Sea water is divided into high temperature and low salinity, high temperature and high salinity, low temperature and low salinity, low temperature and high salinity water masses in four. From the analysis of the concentration of CFCs angle, we can safely assume that different temperature, salinity of the water masses CFCs has its specific concentration range, CFCs can reverse changes indicating water, according to the different concentration of CFCs, and the ratio between different CFCs to determine whether the source of water. The water masses in the Greenland Sea BB section is divided into high temperature and low salinity, high temperature and high salinity, low temperature and low salinity, low temperature and high salinity water masses. The four kinds of water masses in Norway sea AT section is divided into high temperature and high salinity. Low temperature and low salinity, low temperature and high salinity water masses. Three kinds of use to produce their own chart analysis of CFCs concentration and the ratio of the previous determination, reasonable doubt and analyze the reasons. The pCFCs dating of the Bering Sea, the concept of age in deep water table of the Greenland Sea - Norway It was estimated. The results show that: for the Bering Sea in deep water, the age ranged from 46 to 54 years of pCFC-12 algorithm, pCFC-11 algorithm is the age distribution in 42 ~ 47 years. For the Norway Greenland Sea deep water, get water age distribution in 40-54 pCFC-12 algorithm, pCFC-11 algorithm to get the water age distribution in 43 ~ for 59 years.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：國家海洋局第一海洋研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P734

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：1380942