本文關鍵詞：沉墊儲油自升式平臺的幾個關鍵技術研究　出處：《中國海洋大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 自升式平臺 儲油沉墊 水動力性能 運動響應 地基穩(wěn)定性 水下保溫

【摘要】：加速開發(fā)海洋石油資源是我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的迫切需求，具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。海上石油資源的安全高效開采主要依賴于對海洋工程環(huán)境條件的客觀認識和海洋工程裝備技術的提高與發(fā)展。海洋平臺作為海洋石油資源開發(fā)的主要裝備，是海上生產(chǎn)和生活的基礎。近海、淺海石油資源的勘探開采已經(jīng)發(fā)展的比較成熟，，伴隨采油作業(yè)水深的不斷增加，新式中深水式平臺的發(fā)展迫在眉睫。沉墊自升式平臺具有儲油功能，實現(xiàn)鉆、產(chǎn)、儲一體化，是一種新式的生產(chǎn)體系。因此有必要對沉墊自升式平臺所處的海洋環(huán)境以及其本身的水動力性能、地基基礎穩(wěn)定性和儲油、輸油的保溫系統(tǒng)等主要技術進行研究分析。 本研究提出的平臺設有大型儲油沉墊，具有不同于一般自升式平臺的典型特點，大型沉墊對平臺總體性能影響分析技術是在總體性能分析研究的關鍵點。根據(jù)三維勢流理論和模型試驗相互驗證、分析，得到平臺沉墊下放過程平臺水動力性能結論。平臺具有較好的穩(wěn)性和水動力性能，可以滿足升降作業(yè)；沉墊在即將接觸海底時不會因升沉運動而反復碰撞海底，進而造成沉墊結構的破損。在沉墊不斷下降過程中，平臺的升沉響應和轉動響應基本上呈逐漸減小的趨勢；而橫蕩和縱蕩運動響應呈現(xiàn)先增加再減小的趨勢，最大的平移響應和轉動響應分別為橫蕩和橫搖響應。平臺在三級海況或者三級以下海況下進行沉墊的升降操作是可行的，平臺的運動幅度在可接受范圍內(nèi)，錨鏈可以滿足使用要求。 基于有限元軟件ABAQUS，在分別考慮地基土體發(fā)生整體剪切破壞以及沉墊底面與地基土體表面由于孔隙水滲流而發(fā)生分離兩種情況的基礎上，選取Mohr-Coulomb彈塑性土體本構模型對沉墊上拔吸附力進行了分析計算，在此基礎上定性地分析了土體參數(shù)和上拔時間對極限吸附力的影響。對于砂土液化的研究更多側重于彈塑性動力本構模型的建立和數(shù)值分析方法。本文在沉墊自升式平臺模型的基礎上，通過分別變化其樁腿間距、沉墊主尺度和沉墊入泥深度，計算了平臺的抗傾和抗滑穩(wěn)性，證明了沉墊自升式平臺的坐底穩(wěn)性與結構尺度參數(shù)有著密切關系。 保證原油流動是深水油氣田開發(fā)的關鍵技術之一，保溫是保證深水油氣田流動的有效策略，因此對儲油、輸油水下保溫材料和保溫技術進行研究至關重要。本文在對國內(nèi)外水下保溫材料及保溫結構調(diào)研和基于FLUENT軟件對油水隔離沉墊艙保溫性能進行數(shù)值模擬研究的基礎之上，選擇泡沫玻璃磚作為沉墊儲油艙的保溫材料，填充在儲油艙的內(nèi)、外壁之間。基于理論計算對油水隔離沉墊艙加熱工藝進行研究，將原油加熱工藝設計為循環(huán)加熱工藝。利用物理模型試驗對沉墊收、發(fā)油及保溫加熱系統(tǒng)進行研究分析。對油水置換艙內(nèi)隔膜的運動規(guī)律進行研究分析，并分析膜的運動情況和沉墊進出管的布置方案對收發(fā)油的影響，據(jù)此來驗證平臺收發(fā)油方案的合理性。同時利用模型艙來研究艙內(nèi)溫度場的變化情況，測試結果說明泡沫玻璃磚可以滿足沉墊儲油保溫的要求。
[Abstract]:To accelerate the development of offshore oil resources is the urgent demand of China's economic development, has important strategic significance. And improve the development of efficient exploitation of offshore oil resources security depends on the objective understanding of the environmental conditions in ocean engineering and marine engineering equipment technology. As the main equipment of offshore platform for the exploitation of offshore petroleum resources, is the foundation of offshore production and life. Offshore, offshore oil exploration and exploitation of resources has been the development of more mature, with the increasing depth of oil production, the development of new type deepwater platform imminent. Self elevating platform has realized the function of oil storage, drilling, production, storage and integration, is a modern production system. So it is necessary to the hydrodynamic performance of the self elevating platform of the marine environment as well as its foundation, stability and storage, the main technology of oil insulation system etc. Research and analysis.
A large oil mat the platform, has the typical characteristics different from general self elevating platform, the influence of large mat on the overall performance of the platform analysis technology is the key point for research in the overall performance. According to the analysis of the three-dimensional potential flow theory and model test and verify each other, get the platform mat lowering water platform the dynamic performance of the conclusion. The platform has stability and hydrodynamic performance better, can meet the lifting operation; the mat not in contact with the seabed due to heave motion and the repeated impact caused by sea, heavy damage pad structure. In the process of mat falling, platform heave response and rotational response was basically gradually decreased; while the yaw and surge motion response increases first and then decreased, the maximum response of translation and rotation response respectively sway and roll response platform in three sea condition. It is feasible to carry out the lifting operation of the cushion under the sea condition below three levels. The motion range of the platform is within the acceptable range, and the anchor chain can meet the requirements of the use.
Based on the finite element software ABAQUS, considering the soil foundation in general shear failure and sink bottom surface and the soil surface due to pore water seepage and the occurrence of the two kinds of separation, choosing Mohr-Coulomb elastic-plastic constitutive model calculation of sinking force on the adsorption pad for the analysis, on the basis of qualitative analysis of the effects of soil parameters on the adsorption time and pull force on the limit. For soil liquefaction research more focused on the elasto-plastic dynamic constitutive model is established and numerical analysis method. Based on the model of jack up platform mat on the legs through the change of spacing, mat main dimensions and sink the pad into the mud depth, anti overturning and anti sliding stability of the platform were calculated and proved that self elevating platform sit on bottom stability and structure parameters have a close relationship.
To ensure the flow of crude oil is one of the key technologies in oil and gas development in deep water, heat preservation is the guarantee of effective strategies for deepwater oil and gas flow, so the oil, and insulation insulation materials of oil under water is essential. Based on the research at home and abroad thermal insulation material and structure research and FLUENT software of oil and water separation mat tank insulation performance based on the numerical simulation research based on the selection of foam glass mat as insulation material storage tanks, filled in between storage tanks in the outer wall. Theoretical calculation of oil-water separation mat cabin heating technology was studied based on the crude oil heating process design cycle of heating process. On the mat. The application of physical model test oil and heating system were analyzed. The movement rules of the oil and water displacement of cabin diaphragm is researched, and the movement analysis of membrane and into the mat The influence of the layout of the outlet pipe on the receiving and sending oil is verified. Based on this, the rationality of the platform's receiving and sending oil plan is verified. Meanwhile, the change of the temperature field in the cabin is studied by using the model cabin, and the test results show that the foam glass brick can meet the requirements of the insulation for the sinking pad oil storage.

【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P742

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