本文關(guān)鍵詞：非結(jié)構(gòu)波流耦合模型及近岸物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)應(yīng)用研究　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 大范圍波浪模型 波生流 波流耦合模型 非結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)格 物質(zhì)輸運(yùn) 粒子追蹤

【摘要】：近岸物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)涉及海洋環(huán)境和泥沙運(yùn)動(dòng)兩大重要問題,其范圍可達(dá)數(shù)十甚至數(shù)百公里。近岸物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)的核心動(dòng)力為近岸海水的流動(dòng),該流動(dòng)包含了潮流、波浪引起的波生流和風(fēng)生流等不同海洋動(dòng)力要素的非等量貢獻(xiàn)。構(gòu)筑適應(yīng)大范圍近岸物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)數(shù)值計(jì)算的水動(dòng)力平臺(tái),成為近岸物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)研究關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。 已有研究中,風(fēng)生流可通過在潮流模型中加入海面邊界條件加以考慮,而考慮波生流的近岸流場模擬現(xiàn)有兩種方法：一種是近岸波流統(tǒng)一模型,如基于Boussinesq方程的波生流統(tǒng)一模型[122],另一種是利用獨(dú)立的近岸波浪模型計(jì)算波浪輻射應(yīng)力等影響參量,再將其作為驅(qū)動(dòng)因素添加到潮流場中,即為耦合模型�，F(xiàn)波流統(tǒng)一模型在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中僅適合于較小范圍計(jì)算；而耦合模型可以考慮波浪一潮流的相互影響,又可適應(yīng)于近岸大范圍海水的流動(dòng)模擬,是研究大范圍波流耦合的現(xiàn)實(shí)途徑。 大范圍波浪模擬的控制方程主要為波譜平衡方程,而考慮波浪繞射則需要增加光程函數(shù)方程等進(jìn)行聯(lián)合求解。此外在數(shù)值計(jì)算中為實(shí)現(xiàn)波浪和潮流參數(shù)的直接交互,采用同一非結(jié)構(gòu)化網(wǎng)格是便捷有效的方法；同時(shí)有限體積法能保證參量在非結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)格下離散時(shí)的通量守恒。目前尚缺乏將基于非結(jié)構(gòu)化網(wǎng)格的有限體積法應(yīng)用于上述波浪模型的相關(guān)研究。同樣在考慮波生流的近岸流場模擬研究中,迄今也尚未見利用上述波浪模型與潮流進(jìn)行耦合的相關(guān)研究。 本文在非結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)格下,構(gòu)建了一個(gè)考慮波生流影響的大范圍近岸海水流動(dòng)的耦合模型；并在該水動(dòng)力平臺(tái)上結(jié)合物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)方程及粒子追蹤方法,構(gòu)成保守物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)模型,對(duì)實(shí)際海域的保守物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)過程和特征粒子遷移規(guī)律進(jìn)行了應(yīng)用研究。 (1)基于修改后的波譜平衡方程和光程函數(shù)方程,建立了近岸大范圍波浪模型。模型可考慮波浪繞射效應(yīng)。波譜平衡方程采用算子分裂法分步數(shù)值求解,變量的空間離散則基于非結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)格采用有限體積法求解。波浪模型考慮了非均勻流場對(duì)其傳播變形的影響,且波浪參量離散基于交錯(cuò)控制體,為后續(xù)與非結(jié)構(gòu)流場模型的耦合提供了參量交互條件。通過多個(gè)實(shí)例驗(yàn)證了模型的精度和適應(yīng)性。 (2)耦合三維流場模型與非結(jié)構(gòu)波浪模型,得到近岸波流耦合模型。波浪、潮流及參量交互過程基于同一非結(jié)構(gòu)化網(wǎng)格離散,計(jì)算效率較高。模型中流場考慮了波致輻射應(yīng)力、波浪紊動(dòng)及波流邊界條件等因素,而波浪場則考慮流場的流速、流向及水位等條件影響。在波致輻射應(yīng)力項(xiàng)中引入三維計(jì)算公式來研究波生流的垂向結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)模擬了理想和實(shí)際環(huán)境下的波生流場形態(tài),以及波流耦合過程。結(jié)果表明波浪破碎會(huì)在近岸產(chǎn)生不同形態(tài)的波生流場,輻射應(yīng)力的平面和垂向分布不均會(huì)引起平面及垂向環(huán)流。 (3)將近岸波流耦合模型與物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)方程結(jié)合,得到近岸波流耦合下的保守物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)模型。采用該模型,計(jì)算了純浪、純流以及浪流共同作用下保守污染物的遷移擴(kuò)散問題,并進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究；模擬了不同條件下的污染物離散系數(shù)、遷移擴(kuò)散過程,研究了波生流對(duì)近岸物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)的影響。結(jié)果表明：波浪對(duì)污染物擴(kuò)散的影響和流場在同一個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),近岸波浪破碎后產(chǎn)生的沿岸流場是污染物近岸輸移的主要影響因素之一。 (4)結(jié)合粒子追蹤法,將波流耦合下的近岸物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)模型應(yīng)用于大連灣及琥珀灣兩個(gè)實(shí)際海域中,主要研究了近岸保守物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)的規(guī)律。在大連灣海域,模擬計(jì)算的內(nèi)容包括：耦合水動(dòng)力場、余流場、特征粒子的遷移軌跡、保守污染物的輸移特征和規(guī)律以及人工島建設(shè)對(duì)灣內(nèi)物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)的影響。模擬得到：波生流對(duì)灣內(nèi)流場影響較小,潮流是灣內(nèi)污染物向外遷移的主要?jiǎng)恿�。保守污染物主要隨潮致余流的方向遷移,灣南部及灣內(nèi)各個(gè)子灣水域污染物易在灣內(nèi)滯留。不同方案的人工島對(duì)灣內(nèi)不同區(qū)域的物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)的影響不同,其尺度、形狀和位置需進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。 在旅順琥珀灣海域,研究內(nèi)容主要是琥珀灣現(xiàn)狀條件下污染物的輸移特征和規(guī)律,以及在灣底增加人工潮流通道后對(duì)灣內(nèi)物質(zhì)輸運(yùn)的影響。研究表明：波浪主要在琥珀灣口外近岸海域發(fā)生破碎,并形成波生流場,只會(huì)對(duì)近岸局部流場產(chǎn)生一定影響。琥珀灣口處的水動(dòng)力較強(qiáng),此處的粒子及保守污染物均會(huì)較快遷移出灣外,灣中和灣底處保守污染物及粒子遷移出灣外時(shí)間較長,且易在灣底滯留。灣底增加人工潮流通道后,可增加灣內(nèi)的納潮量,會(huì)明顯促進(jìn)灣內(nèi)污染物的向外輸移,對(duì)灣底及灣內(nèi)西北部淺水區(qū)域的作用最為明顯。
[Abstract]:Coastal transport relates to the marine environment and sediment movement are two important problems, which range up to tens or even hundreds of kilometers. The core power offshore material transport to the coastal water flow, the flow contains the trend of non equal contribution factors of wave induced currents and wind-driven current in different ocean wave induced dynamic force to construct. The water power calculation platform in large scale nearshore sediment transport and coastal sediment transport has become hot research focus.
In current study, wind-driven current may be added to the sea boundary condition in the flow model into consideration, and consider the existing two kinds of methods to simulate nearshore wave induced currents flow: a nearshore wave flow model, such as the Boussinesq equation based on the wave induced current unified model of [122], another is the use of nearshore wave model independent the calculation of wave radiation stress influence parameter, and then as the driving factors add to the trend in the field, which is now the wave current coupling model. The unified model for only in a small range of calculation in practical application; the influence of coupling model can be considered a wave tide, and can adapt to the wide range of coastal seawater flow simulation is a practical way to study a wide range of wave and current coupling.
The main control equation for large-scale simulation of wave spectrum balance equation, and consider the need for solving the wave diffraction combined with increased eikonal equations in numerical calculation. In addition to direct interaction of wave and tide parameters, using the same method of unstructured grid is convenient and effective; at the same time, the finite volume method can ensure the conservation of flux parameters in the unstructured grid of discrete time. There is still lack of study will be based on the application of unstructured grid finite volume method in the wave model. Also considering the nearshore current wave induced current research in simulation research using the coupled wave model and the trend has also not yet.
Based on the unstructured grid, construction of a large range of flow impact wave induced into coastal seawater flow coupling model; combined with the mass transport equation and particle tracking method in the hydrodynamic platform, a model of conservative substance transport, sea transport of conservative substance transport process and characteristics of particle migration law application study is carried out.
(1) equation and the eikonal equation of spectral balance based on the modified and established offshore large range wave model. The model can consider the effect of wave diffraction spectrum. Equilibrium equation using operator splitting method by numerical method, spatial discrete variables based on unstructured grid is solved by the finite volume method. The wave model considering the inhomogeneous flow of the influence of deformation propagation, and interleaving control based on discrete wave parameters, the coupling model for subsequent and non flow structure provides interactive parameter conditions. Through a number of examples to verify the model's accuracy and adaptability.
(2) the coupled three-dimensional flow model and the non structure wave model, get wave coupling model. The wave, tide and parametric interaction based on the same unstructured mesh, high computational efficiency. The model considers the flow wave radiation stress, wave wave and turbulent flow boundary conditions and other factors, and the wave field considering the flow velocity, flow and water level conditions. Influence to structure of wave induced radiation should be to study the wave induced current is introduced into 3D force formula in the vertical, while the simulation of wave induced flow field form ideal and actual environment, and the wave current coupling process. The results show that the flow field induced wave breaking will produce different in the coastal morphology, radiation stress and vertical plane will cause uneven distribution of planar and vertical circulation.
(3) the nearshore wave coupling model and mass transport equation combined with the model, get shipped conservative material transport under the wave current coupling. Using this model, pure wave calculation, pure flow and wave flow interaction under the migration of conservative pollutants diffusion problems, and make a comparative study of simulated pollutants in different conditions; the dispersion coefficient, diffusion process, studied the effects of wave induced currents on the coastal transport of substances. The results show that the effect of wave on pollutant diffusion and flow in the same order of magnitude along the flow field generated after the nearshore wave breaking is one of the main influencing factors of coastal pollutant transport.
(4) combined with particle tracking method, the material flow under the coupled wave nearshore transport model applied in Dalian Bay and amber bay two actual waters, mainly on coastal conservative mass transport law. In the waters of the Gulf of Dalian, including the simulation of coupled hydrodynamic field, residual flow field, migration trajectory the characteristics of particle transport, characteristics and laws of conservative pollutants and the influence of artificial island construction on the transport of substances. Simulation results: the wave induced current has little effect on the flow field, the tide is the main power in the outward migration. The direction of migration of pollutants with the main pollutants conservative tide induced residual current, and in the south of the Bay sub Bay pollutants easily in the Bay detention. Effects of different schemes on the artificial island in different regions of the transport of substances of different scale, the need to further optimize the shape and position.
In Lushun amber Bay, the main research content is the transport characteristics and rules of pollutants under the current conditions and the influence of amber Bay, increasing artificial tidal channel in the Bay after the end of the mass transport. The results show that the wave mainly in the coastal waters of amber Bay estuary is broken and the formation of a small flow, will only have a certain impact on the coastal local flow field. The water power strong amber bay at the mouth, the particles will move faster and conservative pollutants removed outside the Bay, bay and at the bottom of the Bay and conservative pollutants particle migration out of the bay outside a long time, and easy to remain in the bottom of the bay. The Bay bottom increased artificial tidal channel, tidal volume can increase the that will significantly promote the outward transport of pollutants, the shallow water area in the northwest region of the bottom of the Bay and the most obvious effect.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P731.2;X55

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