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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：一種太陽能海水淡化裝置的研制　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 太陽能 海水淡化 晾曬式蒸發(fā)體 主動冷凝

【摘要】：隨著全球人口的激增和水體的污染加劇了淡水資源供不應(yīng)求,太陽能海水淡化是利用光熱作用蒸餾海水以去掉礦物質(zhì)來獲得淡水的過程,將太陽能和海水淡化結(jié)合起來是一種非常節(jié)能和高效的方法和有重要應(yīng)用前景的技術(shù)。太陽輻射主要在海水對預(yù)熱及蒸發(fā)環(huán)節(jié)起關(guān)鍵作用,然而太陽輻射的密度較低不能和化石燃料相比,所以亟待處理的是淡化裝置進(jìn)口海水溫度的提高和流量的精準(zhǔn)控制。大多數(shù)太陽能海水蒸餾裝置都是通過自然對流進(jìn)行熱交換,蒸汽釋放的冷凝潛熱并不能充分利用,從而使得產(chǎn)水效率低下。為提升太陽能的利用能力,減小海水熱惰性,本課題研究了領(lǐng)域內(nèi)相關(guān)裝置的缺陷,設(shè)計了一種新型的具有主動冷凝功能的晾曬式海水淡化裝置,并研制樣機(jī),開展實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。本文以太陽能海水淡化裝置為研究對象,旨在以對比分析和熱力學(xué)分析為研究視角,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證理論的方法,力圖為太陽能海水淡化領(lǐng)域的研究提供參照。本文在傳統(tǒng)的太陽能海水淡化裝置的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了一種新型的主動式太陽能海水淡化裝置,提出了兩種實(shí)施方案,它繼承了傳統(tǒng)被動式淡化裝置的優(yōu)點(diǎn),吸收了主動式淡化裝置的精華,在蒸發(fā)方式上采用了晾曬的方式,掛曬的結(jié)構(gòu)增大了蒸發(fā)面積,內(nèi)置加速結(jié)構(gòu)增大了蒸發(fā)速率,整體上提高了海水淡化的效率。淡化裝置本體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的合理性是實(shí)現(xiàn)其功能的關(guān)鍵,論文詳細(xì)地設(shè)計了裝置的每個部分,包括透明密閉殼體、晾曬式蒸發(fā)體、內(nèi)置冷凝器、供水與噴淋子系統(tǒng)、淡水回收器和余熱回收子系統(tǒng)等主體部分。通過建立熱力學(xué)模型,分析了各個蒸發(fā)區(qū)和冷凝區(qū)的換熱方式和換熱量,綜合輻射、對流和傳熱三種傳熱方式以及輻射強(qiáng)度和環(huán)境溫度,得到了每個節(jié)點(diǎn)的海水溫度變化和管內(nèi)外海水溫差變化,計算了壁面淡水產(chǎn)量和冷凝區(qū)淡水產(chǎn)量變化情況,通過計算確定了總體方案的理論可行性�；跓崃W(xué)理論的分析,完成了樣機(jī)的機(jī)械加工、裝配和設(shè)備調(diào)試,并開展了典型工況下的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。新型的太陽能海水淡化裝置相比于傳統(tǒng)的蒸餾裝置,增大了蒸發(fā)面積,減小了裝置的熱惰性,提高了裝置的單位面積產(chǎn)水量,提高了蒸餾效率,驗(yàn)證了方案的實(shí)際可行性。本課題主要在傳統(tǒng)淡化裝置上改變了蒸發(fā)方式、蒸發(fā)面積和蒸發(fā)速率,可以應(yīng)用于大規(guī)模的太陽能海水淡化基地,也可以單獨(dú)使用。根據(jù)裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)特性,可以將風(fēng)能引進(jìn)來給裝置提供電力,也可以和海洋資源的利用銜接起來。
[Abstract]:With the rapid increase of the global population and the pollution of water body, the supply of fresh water is more than enough. Solar desalination is the process of distilling seawater by photothermal process to remove minerals to get fresh water. The combination of solar energy and seawater desalination is a very energy-saving, efficient and promising technology. Solar radiation plays a key role in seawater preheating and evaporation. Solar radiation, however, is not as dense as fossil fuels. Therefore, it is urgent to deal with the desalination unit inlet seawater temperature and accurate control of the flow rate. Most solar water distillation units are through the natural convection heat exchange. The condensing latent heat released by steam can not be fully utilized, which makes the efficiency of water production low. In order to improve the utilization capacity of solar energy and reduce the thermal inertia of seawater, this paper studies the defects of related devices in the field. A new type of air drying desalination device with active condensation function was designed, and a prototype was developed to carry out experimental research. In this paper, the solar desalination device was taken as the research object. The purpose of this paper is to verify the theory through experiments from the perspective of comparative analysis and thermodynamic analysis. Based on the traditional solar desalination device, a new type of active solar desalination device is designed. It inherits the advantages of the traditional passive desalination device, absorbs the essence of the active desalination device, adopts the way of drying in the evaporation mode, and increases the evaporation area by the structure of hanging the sun. The built-in acceleration structure increases the evaporation rate and improves the efficiency of seawater desalination on the whole. The rationality of the structure design of the desalination device is the key to realize its function. Each part of the device is designed in detail. It includes transparent closed shell, drying evaporator, built-in condenser, water supply and spray subsystem, fresh water collector and waste heat recovery subsystem. The heat transfer modes and heat transfer modes, integrated radiation, convection and heat transfer modes, radiation intensity and ambient temperature are analyzed. The variation of seawater temperature and the difference of seawater temperature inside and outside the pipe are obtained, and the variation of wall fresh water production and fresh water production in condensed area are calculated. The theoretical feasibility of the overall scheme is determined by calculation. Based on the analysis of thermodynamic theory, the machining, assembly and equipment debugging of the prototype are completed. Compared with the traditional distillation unit, the new solar desalination unit increases the evaporation area, reduces the thermal inertia of the unit, and improves the water production per unit area. The distillation efficiency is improved and the practical feasibility of the scheme is verified. The method of evaporation is mainly changed in the traditional desalination unit. The evaporation area and evaporation rate can be applied to the large-scale solar desalination base. According to the structural characteristics of the device, wind energy can be brought in to provide electricity to the device, and can also be connected with the utilization of marine resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P747

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1 屈孝斌;一種太陽能海水淡化裝置的研制[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

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