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  本文關鍵詞：杭州灣及其鄰近海域表層沉積物重金屬分布特征與污染評價研究　出處：《浙江大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 杭州灣 重金屬 時空分布 背景值 來源 生態(tài)風險

【摘要】：為掌握杭州灣及其鄰近海域重金屬遷移轉化規(guī)律,客觀評價重金屬污染狀況及有效控制杭州灣重金屬生態(tài)風險,本文對1996～2012年春季杭州灣及其鄰近海域表層沉積物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As 6種重金屬含量的時空分布特征及其影響因素進行了研究,并采用主成分分析法判別了重金屬的可能來源,采用地累積指數(shù)法、沉積物質量基準法和潛在生態(tài)風險指數(shù)法評價了污染狀況和生態(tài)風險。主要結論如下：(1)2012年杭州灣及其鄰近海域表層沉積物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As 6種重金屬均值大小分別為23.2±8.48 mg/kg,26.3±6.05 mg/kg,78.4±17.8 mg/kg, 0.112±0.043 mg/kg,0.080±0.031 mg/kg,8.27±3.99 mg/kg(2)空間分布趨勢表明,杭州灣及其鄰近海域表層沉積物中Cu、Pb、Zn、 Cd、As 5種重金屬總體表現(xiàn)一致,局部存在差異,主體上呈現(xiàn)出以南匯嘴附近海域為高值區(qū),東部和北部的砂質沉積海域為低值區(qū)。Hg在長江口南支入�？诤秃贾轂晨诒卑段闯尸F(xiàn)明顯的高值區(qū),在舟山東南海域出現(xiàn)了明顯的高值區(qū)。(3)歷史變化趨勢表明,自1996年以來,杭州灣及其鄰近海域表層沉積物中Pb含量呈上升趨勢；Cu、Zn、As含量在2001～2009年期間均表現(xiàn)出了上升趨勢,2009年以后則呈下降趨勢；Cd、Hg含量有一定波動但總體保持穩(wěn)定。(4)基于歷史數(shù)據(jù)采用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法確定了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As的環(huán)境背景值,分別為20.6、21.0、80.5、0.102、0.039、9.99mg/kg。(5)各金屬元素之間基本呈顯著或極顯著正相關,來源具有相似性。其中陸源碎屑顆粒的輸送對研究區(qū)域表層沉積物中重金屬的組成和分布具有決定性的意義,同時重金屬在不同介質間轉換及硫化物富集作用對沉積物重金屬來源也有一定貢獻。(6)杭州灣及其鄰近海域表層沉積物重金屬總體潛在風險水平為中等,Hg和Cd是主要生態(tài)風險貢獻因子。6種重金屬中Cu、Pb、Zn、As潛在生態(tài)風險水平為低,Cd為中等,Hg為強。潛在生態(tài)風險指數(shù)(RI)相對高值區(qū)主要分布舟山群島東南部、長江南支入�？诩昂贾轂晨诒卑�。
[Abstract]:In order to grasp the Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent sea migration and transformation of heavy metals, heavy metal pollution evaluation and effective control of Hangzhou Bay ecological risk of the heavy metals, the paper studied 1996 spatial distribution characteristics and its influence to the spring of 2012 in Hangzhou Bay and adjacent waters in the surface sediments of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, As 6 kinds of heavy metal content factor and discriminant analysis method of possible sources of heavy metals by using principal components, the index of geoaccumulation, sediment quality criteria and the potential ecological risk index to evaluate the pollution and ecological risk. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) 2012 in Hangzhou Bay and adjacent waters in the surface sediments of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, As 6 kinds of heavy metals in the mean sizes were 23.2 + 8.48 mg/kg 26.3 + 6.05 mg/kg 78.4 + 17.8 mg/kg 0.112 + 0.043 mg/kg 0.080 + 0.031 mg/kg 8.27 + 3.99 mg /kg (2) the spatial distribution trends indicate that Hangzhou Bay and adjacent waters in the surface sediments of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As 5 kinds of heavy metals in the overall performance, local differences, the main show to the waters near the Nanhui mouth high value area in eastern and northern waters for the low value area of sandy sediments. There is no obvious high value area of Hg in the southern branch of the Yangtze Estuary and the North Bank of the Hangzhou bay mouth, and there is an obvious high value area in the southeast of Zhoushan. (3) shows that the historical trend, since 1996, increased the content of Pb in Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent sea sediments; Cu, Zn, As content in the period from 2001 to 2009 showed a rising trend, after 2009 decreased; Cd and Hg contents have certain fluctuation but remained stable overall. (4) based on historical data, the environmental background values of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg and As were determined by mathematical statistics, which were 20.6, 21, 80.5, 0.102, 0.039 and 9.99mg/kg, respectively. (5) there is a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the metal elements, and the origin is similar. The transport of terrigenous clastic particles is decisive for the composition and distribution of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the study area. Meanwhile, the conversion of heavy metals in different media and the enrichment of sulfide also contribute to the source of heavy metals in sediments. (6) the overall potential risk level of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent waters is moderate, and Hg and Cd are the main contributors to the ecological risk. The potential ecological risk levels of Cu, Pb, Zn and As of the 6 heavy metals were low, Cd was medium, and Hg was strong. The relative high value area of the potential ecological risk index (RI) mainly distributes in the southeast of the Zhoushan archipelago, the South Branch of the Yangtze River and the North Bank of the Hangzhou bay mouth.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X55

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本文編號：1346640