本文關(guān)鍵詞：金州灣表層沉積物污染物特征及生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 金州灣 沉積物 污染物特征 生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析

【摘要】：近年來,伴隨我國(guó)東部沿海地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展和人民生活生產(chǎn)方式的不斷改變,東部沿海地區(qū)海域污染情況日漸嚴(yán)重。歷史上金州灣東側(cè)和北側(cè)沿岸主要以養(yǎng)殖業(yè)為主,南側(cè)沿岸毛塋子地區(qū)為大型垃圾填埋場(chǎng),而近年來,金州灣沿岸及中部的功能已經(jīng)由傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)殖業(yè)逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)和空港物流產(chǎn)業(yè),金州灣人民生活生產(chǎn)方式也隨之改變。各項(xiàng)生活生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的大量污染物流入近海海域,對(duì)海洋環(huán)境的壓力不斷加大,金州灣海域海洋環(huán)境必將產(chǎn)生一定的變化。污染物流入近海海域后迅速轉(zhuǎn)移到顆粒態(tài)中,進(jìn)而在海底表層沉積物中富集,使表層沉積物成為比水介質(zhì)具有更強(qiáng)概括性、穩(wěn)定性、作用持久性和分布規(guī)律的監(jiān)測(cè)要素,對(duì)區(qū)域環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀態(tài)和趨勢(shì)具有指示作用。因此有必要對(duì)金州灣海域表層沉積物污染情況進(jìn)行分析研究,進(jìn)而為日后金州灣的監(jiān)測(cè)治理以及沿岸產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展規(guī)劃提供參考,為該海域的環(huán)境保護(hù)和海洋環(huán)境可持續(xù)利用提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。本文在對(duì)金州灣自然環(huán)境概況和社會(huì)環(huán)境概況進(jìn)行調(diào)查整理的基礎(chǔ)上,利用2009年、2011年和2013年金州灣海域表層沉積物采樣樣品分析得出,金州灣海域表層沉積物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Hg 5種重金屬以及石油類、有機(jī)碳和硫化物的含量數(shù)據(jù)。利用ArcGis等軟件分析了金州灣表層沉積物中典型污染物的時(shí)空分布特征。研究結(jié)果表明,金州灣海底表層沉積物的污染物時(shí)空變化趨勢(shì)受到其地理位置、海流、地質(zhì)、入海徑流、氣候及島嶼等多方面自然因素的影響。除自然因素以外,還可能與人類活動(dòng)以及當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平有著密切的關(guān)系。金州灣表層沉積物典型污染物含量總體上呈現(xiàn)出南岸高于北岸,灣底高于灣口的特點(diǎn)。2013年Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、有機(jī)碳以及硫化物的含量均明顯高于2009年和2011年；Hg的含量在2009年至2011年間有較大幅度的降低,在2011年至2013年間則基本保持穩(wěn)定；石油類的含量從2009年至2011年有所增長(zhǎng),而至2013年則又大幅度降低。重金屬中Cd和Hg潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為中等至較高,Cu、Pb和Zn的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)較低。此外,本文分別采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指數(shù)法和Hakanson潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)法對(duì)金州灣海域表層沉積物質(zhì)量及重金屬污染潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指數(shù)法對(duì)2013年調(diào)查的表層沉積物污染物污染程度進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果顯示金州灣海底表層沉積物中Cu、Pb、Zn、 Cd、Hg、石油類、有機(jī)碳和硫化物均符合《海洋沉積物質(zhì)量》GB18668-2002一類沉積物質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),沉積物質(zhì)量良好。各污染物污染程度順序?yàn)椋篊u有機(jī)碳硫化物CdZnPb石油類Hg。根據(jù)金州灣沉積物重金屬潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果,各站位沉積物中Cu, Pb和Zn單項(xiàng)污染物潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子均遠(yuǎn)小于40,單項(xiàng)污染物潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)較低；Cd在各站位的單項(xiàng)污染物潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)為中等至較高；Hg的單項(xiàng)污染物潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子屬于較高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)。各調(diào)查站位綜合生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)介于138.89～265.87之間,平均值為185.24,屬于中等至較高潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)。從空間分布上來看,金州灣南岸以及灣底的沉積物重金屬潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)要大于北側(cè)沿岸,海灣中部以及灣口處潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)相對(duì)較低。
[Abstract]:In recent years, along with the rapid development of the eastern coastal areas and the continuous change of people's life and production mode, the pollution of the coastal waters in the eastern coastal area is becoming more and more serious. The history of the Gulf of Jinzhou to the East and north along the South Coast mainly in aquaculture industry, Maoyingzi area for large-scale landfill, and in recent years, the Gulf of Jinzhou and the central function has changed from the traditional culture gradually transformed into modern service industry and airport logistics industry, the Gulf of Jinzhou people's life mode of production has changed. A large number of pollutants produced by various production and production activities flow into the offshore waters, and the pressure on the marine environment is increasing. The marine environment in the Jinzhou Bay area is bound to change. After the rapid transfer of contaminants into the coastal waters to the particulate, then in seafloor sediments enriched in surface sediments has become the key element of monitoring more generality, stability, durability and function distribution than water medium, could indicate the status and trend of regional environmental quality. So it is necessary to analyze the pollution in sediments of Jinzhou Bay, and for days after the Gulf of Jinzhou coast and the monitoring and control of industrial development planning, to provide data support for environmental protection and sustainable utilization of the waters of the marine environment. Based on the investigation of the consolidation on the natural environment and social environment of the Jinzhou Bay survey, the sample by 2009, 2011 and 2013 in surface sediments of Jinzhou Bay of Jinzhou Bay surface sediments in Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg 5 kinds of heavy metals and petroleum, organic carbon and sulfide content data. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of typical pollutants in the surface sediments of Jinzhou bay were analyzed by using ArcGis and other software. The results show that the temporal and spatial variation trend of pollutants in the surface sediments of Jinzhou Bay is affected by many factors, such as geographical location, current, geology, sea runoff, climate and islands. In addition to natural factors, it is likely to have a close relationship with human activities and the level of local economic development. The typical pollutant content of the surface sediments in the Jinzhou Bay shows that the south bank is higher than the north bank and the bottom of the bay is higher than the mouth of the bay. In 2013 Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, organic carbon and sulfide content were significantly higher than that in 2009 and 2011; the content of Hg decreased significantly during the period from 2009 to 2011 between 2011 and 2013 is stable; the oil contents from 2009 to 2011 increased, the 2013 is also greatly reduced. The potential ecological risk levels of Cd and Hg in heavy metals were medium to high, and the potential ecological risk levels of Cu, Pb and Zn were lower. In addition, the standard index method and Hakanson potential ecological risk index method were used to evaluate the quality of surface sediments and potential ecological risk of heavy metals pollution in Jinzhou Bay. Evaluation using the standard index method on 2013 survey of surface sediment contamination degree, results showed that the surface sediments of Jinzhou Bay Subsea in Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, oil, organic carbon and sulfide are in line with the "marine sediment quality" GB18668-2002 a kind of sediment quality standard, sediment quality. The pollution level of each pollutant is Cu organic carbon sulfide CdZnPb petroleum Hg. According to the heavy metals in the sediments of Jinzhou Bay ecological risk assessment results, the sediments in Cu, the potential ecological risk factor of Pb and Zn single pollutant is far less than 40, the potential ecological risk level of single pollutant is low; Cd in all stations single pollutant potential ecological risk level is moderate to high potential ecological risk factor; single pollutant Hg belong to a higher level of risk. The comprehensive ecological risk index of each survey station is between 138.89 and 265.87, with an average of 185.24, which belongs to the medium to high potential ecological risk grade. From the spatial distribution, the potential ecological risk index of heavy metals in the sediments of the south coast of Jinzhou Bay and the bottom of the bay is larger than that on the northern coast, and the potential ecological risk index is relatively low in the middle part of the Bay and at the mouth of the bay.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X55;X826

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