本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于數(shù)字圖像處理的海冰參數(shù)識別與統(tǒng)計分析　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 海冰 雷達(dá)監(jiān)測 數(shù)字圖像 海冰運動軌跡

【摘要】：海冰是一種常見自然情況,在全球氣候及海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中均扮演著十分重要的角色。在海冰存在區(qū)域,極易出現(xiàn)浮冰,浮冰在風(fēng)和海流作用下,具有較高速度,對極區(qū)、副極區(qū)和高緯度寒區(qū)海域的海上鉆井平臺、漁業(yè)養(yǎng)殖、船舶航行和人類活動帶來嚴(yán)重的影響。然而,隨著科技發(fā)展及極區(qū)蘊(yùn)含豐富的自然資源,人類對于寒區(qū)利用和開發(fā)的活動呈現(xiàn)出上升的趨勢,例如商用或科研考察航行和寒區(qū)海岸基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)等,尤其是近海油田的開發(fā),更是趨于常態(tài)。為了保障寒區(qū)作業(yè)的安全,從20世紀(jì)50年代開始針對海冰的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)、海冰漂移軌跡、海冰生消等方面進(jìn)行了一系列研究。現(xiàn)行海冰監(jiān)測主要包括：沿岸基礎(chǔ)力學(xué)實驗、油氣作業(yè)區(qū)現(xiàn)場定點監(jiān)測、無人機(jī)航測和破冰船監(jiān)測。其中,基于海洋平臺的現(xiàn)場定點監(jiān)測具有誤差小、范圍廣、連續(xù)性好、準(zhǔn)確性高等優(yōu)點,為冰期油氣平臺正常運轉(zhuǎn)提供了及時可靠的現(xiàn)場海冰數(shù)據(jù)。我國自1990年開始對渤海油氣田開發(fā)以來,在JZ20-2海洋平臺上逐漸發(fā)展了健全了海冰現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),主要包括：海冰數(shù)字圖像監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)、海冰雷達(dá)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)、衛(wèi)星遙感監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),對該海域的海冰速度、密集度、冰厚進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)、長期的現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測,同時通過振動探頭、應(yīng)力盒、氣象儀等設(shè)備完成對油氣平臺結(jié)構(gòu)的冰激振動、冰荷載及該海域的氣象、水文要素進(jìn)行同步監(jiān)測。為了更好的分析海冰在JZ20-2海域的漂移軌跡,本文在2012-2013年冬季,對JZ20-2海域的海冰漂移軌跡采用了全冰期雷達(dá)定點監(jiān)測。通過海冰雷達(dá)圖像處理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行處理,得到了該海域每隔10 min的海冰冰速與冰流向,共采集有效數(shù)據(jù)樣本6883組。在此監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上,可對該海域冰速的概率分布進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析,并確定不同天氣條件下的海冰漂移軌跡,為合理的通過現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測該海域海冰漂移行為提供了依據(jù)。本文通過對海冰衛(wèi)星遙感圖像研究,從中可以準(zhǔn)確的提取出衛(wèi)星遙感圖像中的海冰浮冰位置、尺寸、密集度等信息,該系統(tǒng)采用去噪、腐蝕、圖像二值化等算法,可以為渤海海冰的數(shù)值計算提供相應(yīng)的海冰信息,通過數(shù)據(jù)庫完成對海冰邊界的提取工作。為了更好提取海冰參數(shù),同時與雷達(dá)提取海冰數(shù)據(jù)對應(yīng),本文針對JZ20-2海域海冰現(xiàn)場圖像監(jiān)測的10年數(shù)據(jù),得到該海域近十年的總冰期、有效冰期、各年的海冰情況,對JZ20-2平臺附近海冰參數(shù)概率密度統(tǒng)計,得到該海域歷年的海冰工況。同時,專門統(tǒng)計了2009-2010年海冰參數(shù)與平臺振動之間關(guān)系,為該海域冬季采油平臺安全作業(yè)提供相應(yīng)的參考。除此之外,本文針對第32次南極科考的機(jī)會,在“雪龍”號安裝了圖像采集裝置,對沿途的海冰信息進(jìn)行記錄。通過海冰圖像密集度提取軟件對沿途的海冰密集度信息進(jìn)行提取,得到了沿途海冰密集度信息,為南極科考積累的大量信息。
[Abstract]:Sea ice is a common natural situation and plays a very important role in the global climate and the marine ecosystem. Ice floes are prone to ice floes in the areas where sea ice is present. The floating ice has a high speed under the action of wind and ocean currents, which has a serious impact on the offshore drilling platform, fishery culture, ship navigation and human activities in polar regions, sub polar regions and high latitude cold regions. However, with the development of science and technology and the rich natural resources in the polar region, human activities show an upward trend in the cold area utilization and development activities, such as commercial or scientific research, navigation and cold area coastal infrastructure construction, especially offshore oil field development. In order to ensure the safety of cold area operations, a series of researches were carried out in 1950s on the physical and mechanical properties of sea ice, the drift of sea ice and the generation and elimination of sea ice. The current sea ice monitoring mainly includes the coastal basic mechanics experiment, the site fixed-point monitoring in the oil and gas operation area, the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and the ice breaking ship monitoring. The site based fixed point monitoring based on offshore platform has the advantages of small error, wide range, good continuity and high accuracy. It provides timely and reliable field sea ice data for the normal operation of ice platform. In China since the beginning of 1990 since the Bohai oil and gas field development, in the JZ20-2 platform on the gradual development of a sound monitoring system, mainly including: sea ice sea ice digital image monitoring system, sea ice radar monitoring system, satellite remote sensing monitoring system for the sea ice velocity, concentration, ice thickness, on-site monitoring system for a long time, at the same time through vibration probe, stress box, meteorological instrument of oil and gas platform structure of ice induced vibration, ice load and the waters of the meteorological and hydrological synchronous monitoring. In order to better analyze the drift track of sea ice in the JZ20-2 sea area, in the winter of 2012-2013 years, the sea ice drift track in JZ20-2 sea area was monitored by full glacial radar. Through the sea ice radar image processing system, the ice speed and ice flow direction of sea ice every 10 min in the sea area were obtained, and 6883 groups of effective data samples were collected. Based on this monitoring data, the probability distribution of ice speed in this area can be statistically analyzed, and the sea ice drift trajectory under different weather conditions can be determined, which provides a basis for predicting the sea ice drift behavior in the sea area reasonably through field monitoring data. Based on the study of satellite remote sensing image can be extracted from sea ice, sea ice floe position, remote sensing image size, intensity of satellite information accurately, the system adopts denoising, image binarization and corrosion algorithm, can provide the corresponding information for the Bohai sea ice numerical calculation, through the database to complete extraction the sea ice boundary. In order to extract the parameters of sea ice, and sea ice extraction data corresponding with radar, aiming at image monitoring of JZ20-2 sea ice field data of 10 years, and the total glacial waters for nearly ten years, the annual effective glacial ice conditions, on the JZ20-2 platform near the sea ice parameters of probability density statistics, the waters over the sea ice conditions. At the same time, the relationship between the sea ice parameters and the vibration of the platform for 2009-2010 years is statistically analyzed to provide a reference for the safety operation of the winter oil extraction platform in this sea area. In addition, this article, in view of the opportunity of the thirty-second Antarctic expedition, installed the image collection device on the "Snow Dragon", and recorded the sea ice information along the way. The sea ice concentration information along the route was extracted through the sea ice image density extraction software, and the sea ice concentration information along the way was obtained, which accumulated a lot of information for the Antarctic expedition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P731.15;P714.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 季順迎;王安良;米麗麗;劉煜;李寶輝;;海冰動力過程的改進(jìn)離散元模型及在渤海的應(yīng)用[J];海洋學(xué)報;2015年05期

2 張娜;張慶河;;基于CART決策樹方法的MODIS數(shù)據(jù)海冰反演[J];海洋通報;2014年03期

3 張晰;張杰;孟俊敏;蘇騰飛;劉眉潔;;基于極化散射特征的極化合成孔徑雷達(dá)海冰分類方法研究:以渤海海冰分類為例[J];海洋學(xué)報(中文版);2013年05期

4 李寶輝;侯一筠;孫從容;吳奎橋;劉煜;韋小琴;郝軼萌;;“北京一號”小衛(wèi)星圖像在渤海海冰監(jiān)測中的應(yīng)用[J];海洋學(xué)報(中文版);2013年04期

5 季順迎;陳曉東;劉煜;唐茂寧;劉宗勛;王宇新;;基于油氣平臺的海冰雷達(dá)監(jiān)測圖像處理及冰速測量[J];海洋學(xué)報(中文版);2013年03期

6 周斌;張自力;于海燕;;基于EOS/MODIS衛(wèi)星遙感數(shù)據(jù)的渤海海冰變化趨勢及特征應(yīng)用研究[J];環(huán)境監(jiān)控與預(yù)警;2013年01期

7 季順迎;李春花;劉煜;;海冰離散元模型的研究回顧及展望[J];極地研究;2012年04期

8 季順迎;王安良;王宇新;李海;岳前進(jìn);;渤海海冰現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測的數(shù)字圖像技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用[J];海洋學(xué)報(中文版);2011年04期

9 李志軍;;渤海海冰災(zāi)害和人類活動之間的關(guān)系[J];海洋預(yù)報;2010年01期

10 崔祥斌;孫波;田鋼;唐學(xué)遠(yuǎn);張向培;蔣蕓蕓;郭井學(xué);李鑫;;東南極Dome A冰雷達(dá)探測:冰厚分布和冰下地形[J];科學(xué)通報;2010年03期

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 白珊;宋學(xué)家;劉欽政;王旭;吳輝碇;;渤海海冰災(zāi)害[A];中國科協(xié)2002年減輕自然災(zāi)害研討會論文匯編之六[C];2002年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 王安良;基于強(qiáng)度試驗和立體監(jiān)測的海冰離散元模型及工程應(yīng)用[D];大連理工大學(xué);2014年

2 趙寶剛;渤海遼東灣冰區(qū)工程點雷達(dá)海冰監(jiān)測和預(yù)報技術(shù)研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2008年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 米麗麗;渤海海冰動力過程的改進(jìn)離散單元方法[D];大連理工大學(xué);2014年

，

本文編號：1341514