本文關鍵詞：基于數字圖像處理的海冰參數識別與統(tǒng)計分析　出處：《大連理工大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 海冰 雷達監(jiān)測 數字圖像 海冰運動軌跡

【摘要】：海冰是一種常見自然情況,在全球氣候及海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中均扮演著十分重要的角色。在海冰存在區(qū)域,極易出現浮冰,浮冰在風和海流作用下,具有較高速度,對極區(qū)、副極區(qū)和高緯度寒區(qū)海域的海上鉆井平臺、漁業(yè)養(yǎng)殖、船舶航行和人類活動帶來嚴重的影響。然而,隨著科技發(fā)展及極區(qū)蘊含豐富的自然資源,人類對于寒區(qū)利用和開發(fā)的活動呈現出上升的趨勢,例如商用或科研考察航行和寒區(qū)海岸基礎建設等,尤其是近海油田的開發(fā),更是趨于常態(tài)。為了保障寒區(qū)作業(yè)的安全,從20世紀50年代開始針對海冰的物理力學性質、海冰漂移軌跡、海冰生消等方面進行了一系列研究�，F行海冰監(jiān)測主要包括：沿岸基礎力學實驗、油氣作業(yè)區(qū)現場定點監(jiān)測、無人機航測和破冰船監(jiān)測。其中,基于海洋平臺的現場定點監(jiān)測具有誤差小、范圍廣、連續(xù)性好、準確性高等優(yōu)點,為冰期油氣平臺正常運轉提供了及時可靠的現場海冰數據。我國自1990年開始對渤海油氣田開發(fā)以來,在JZ20-2海洋平臺上逐漸發(fā)展了健全了海冰現場監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),主要包括：海冰數字圖像監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)、海冰雷達監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)、衛(wèi)星遙感監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),對該海域的海冰速度、密集度、冰厚進行了系統(tǒng)、長期的現場監(jiān)測,同時通過振動探頭、應力盒、氣象儀等設備完成對油氣平臺結構的冰激振動、冰荷載及該海域的氣象、水文要素進行同步監(jiān)測。為了更好的分析海冰在JZ20-2海域的漂移軌跡,本文在2012-2013年冬季,對JZ20-2海域的海冰漂移軌跡采用了全冰期雷達定點監(jiān)測。通過海冰雷達圖像處理系統(tǒng)進行處理,得到了該海域每隔10 min的海冰冰速與冰流向,共采集有效數據樣本6883組。在此監(jiān)測數據基礎上,可對該海域冰速的概率分布進行統(tǒng)計分析,并確定不同天氣條件下的海冰漂移軌跡,為合理的通過現場監(jiān)測數據預測該海域海冰漂移行為提供了依據。本文通過對海冰衛(wèi)星遙感圖像研究,從中可以準確的提取出衛(wèi)星遙感圖像中的海冰浮冰位置、尺寸、密集度等信息,該系統(tǒng)采用去噪、腐蝕、圖像二值化等算法,可以為渤海海冰的數值計算提供相應的海冰信息,通過數據庫完成對海冰邊界的提取工作。為了更好提取海冰參數,同時與雷達提取海冰數據對應,本文針對JZ20-2海域海冰現場圖像監(jiān)測的10年數據,得到該海域近十年的總冰期、有效冰期、各年的海冰情況,對JZ20-2平臺附近海冰參數概率密度統(tǒng)計,得到該海域歷年的海冰工況。同時,專門統(tǒng)計了2009-2010年海冰參數與平臺振動之間關系,為該海域冬季采油平臺安全作業(yè)提供相應的參考。除此之外,本文針對第32次南極科考的機會,在“雪龍”號安裝了圖像采集裝置,對沿途的海冰信息進行記錄。通過海冰圖像密集度提取軟件對沿途的海冰密集度信息進行提取,得到了沿途海冰密集度信息,為南極科考積累的大量信息。
[Abstract]:Sea ice is a common natural situation and plays a very important role in the global climate and the marine ecosystem. Ice floes are prone to ice floes in the areas where sea ice is present. The floating ice has a high speed under the action of wind and ocean currents, which has a serious impact on the offshore drilling platform, fishery culture, ship navigation and human activities in polar regions, sub polar regions and high latitude cold regions. However, with the development of science and technology and the rich natural resources in the polar region, human activities show an upward trend in the cold area utilization and development activities, such as commercial or scientific research, navigation and cold area coastal infrastructure construction, especially offshore oil field development. In order to ensure the safety of cold area operations, a series of researches were carried out in 1950s on the physical and mechanical properties of sea ice, the drift of sea ice and the generation and elimination of sea ice. The current sea ice monitoring mainly includes the coastal basic mechanics experiment, the site fixed-point monitoring in the oil and gas operation area, the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and the ice breaking ship monitoring. The site based fixed point monitoring based on offshore platform has the advantages of small error, wide range, good continuity and high accuracy. It provides timely and reliable field sea ice data for the normal operation of ice platform. In China since the beginning of 1990 since the Bohai oil and gas field development, in the JZ20-2 platform on the gradual development of a sound monitoring system, mainly including: sea ice sea ice digital image monitoring system, sea ice radar monitoring system, satellite remote sensing monitoring system for the sea ice velocity, concentration, ice thickness, on-site monitoring system for a long time, at the same time through vibration probe, stress box, meteorological instrument of oil and gas platform structure of ice induced vibration, ice load and the waters of the meteorological and hydrological synchronous monitoring. In order to better analyze the drift track of sea ice in the JZ20-2 sea area, in the winter of 2012-2013 years, the sea ice drift track in JZ20-2 sea area was monitored by full glacial radar. Through the sea ice radar image processing system, the ice speed and ice flow direction of sea ice every 10 min in the sea area were obtained, and 6883 groups of effective data samples were collected. Based on this monitoring data, the probability distribution of ice speed in this area can be statistically analyzed, and the sea ice drift trajectory under different weather conditions can be determined, which provides a basis for predicting the sea ice drift behavior in the sea area reasonably through field monitoring data. Based on the study of satellite remote sensing image can be extracted from sea ice, sea ice floe position, remote sensing image size, intensity of satellite information accurately, the system adopts denoising, image binarization and corrosion algorithm, can provide the corresponding information for the Bohai sea ice numerical calculation, through the database to complete extraction the sea ice boundary. In order to extract the parameters of sea ice, and sea ice extraction data corresponding with radar, aiming at image monitoring of JZ20-2 sea ice field data of 10 years, and the total glacial waters for nearly ten years, the annual effective glacial ice conditions, on the JZ20-2 platform near the sea ice parameters of probability density statistics, the waters over the sea ice conditions. At the same time, the relationship between the sea ice parameters and the vibration of the platform for 2009-2010 years is statistically analyzed to provide a reference for the safety operation of the winter oil extraction platform in this sea area. In addition, this article, in view of the opportunity of the thirty-second Antarctic expedition, installed the image collection device on the "Snow Dragon", and recorded the sea ice information along the way. The sea ice concentration information along the route was extracted through the sea ice image density extraction software, and the sea ice concentration information along the way was obtained, which accumulated a lot of information for the Antarctic expedition.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P731.15;P714.1

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