利用雙差定位法研究云南地震分布的活動(dòng)構(gòu)造意義
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-26 13:04
【摘要】：地震定位是測(cè)震學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)工作之一,對(duì)于研究活動(dòng)構(gòu)造具有重要意義。雙差地震定位法能夠得到精確的震源的時(shí)空分布,是研究地震活動(dòng)和活動(dòng)構(gòu)造之間關(guān)系的有力武器。本文利用云南數(shù)字地震臺(tái)網(wǎng)記錄的天然地震觀測(cè)報(bào)告和數(shù)字波形數(shù)據(jù),應(yīng)用波形互相關(guān)技術(shù)計(jì)算波形互相關(guān)走時(shí)差數(shù)據(jù),使用雙差定位法對(duì)云南地區(qū)2009-2014年發(fā)生的M≥1.0級(jí)的地震進(jìn)行重定位,得到整個(gè)云南地區(qū)的精細(xì)的地震活動(dòng)圖像。本文著重強(qiáng)調(diào)波形互相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)算和使用,主要研究目的是：快速的獲得穩(wěn)定可靠的高精度波形互相關(guān)走時(shí)差數(shù)據(jù)；數(shù)據(jù)組合和大研究區(qū)域的分塊定位,獲得盡可能多的地震定位結(jié)果；分析重定位地震的時(shí)空分布和云南地區(qū)活動(dòng)構(gòu)造的關(guān)系,反映活動(dòng)構(gòu)造的細(xì)節(jié)特征。本文提出了時(shí)域多通道相關(guān)檢測(cè)函數(shù),該函數(shù)可以提高計(jì)算效率,獲得穩(wěn)定的互相關(guān)走時(shí)差數(shù)據(jù)。本文同時(shí)采用了一些準(zhǔn)則對(duì)目錄走時(shí)差數(shù)據(jù)和互相關(guān)走時(shí)差數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行篩選,確保走時(shí)差數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性。由于目錄數(shù)據(jù)和互相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)各有優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),本文將兩者進(jìn)行有機(jī)組合,在確保定位精度的基礎(chǔ)上盡可能的提高定位的地震數(shù)量。本文將研究區(qū)域分為13塊,分塊定位,共得到33328個(gè)地震的定位結(jié)果,采用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法評(píng)估了定位誤差和震源參數(shù)相關(guān)性。結(jié)果表明,互相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)能夠提高定位精度和減弱震源參數(shù)之間的相關(guān)性,是雙差定位法的關(guān)鍵。本文分析2009～2014年云南地區(qū)地震總體的時(shí)空分布和某些地震密集地區(qū)的地震時(shí)空分布,結(jié)合前人研究,探討了地震分布和活動(dòng)構(gòu)造的關(guān)系,得出了一些有意義的結(jié)論。重定位后,地震序列分布特征顯現(xiàn),與附近斷裂和區(qū)域應(yīng)力場(chǎng)有良好的對(duì)應(yīng)。通過分析地震序列的時(shí)空分布發(fā)現(xiàn),主震發(fā)生前一般會(huì)存在一段時(shí)間的地震活動(dòng)平靜期,表明區(qū)域應(yīng)力正在積累,為大地震的發(fā)生提供能量；主震發(fā)生時(shí),地震活動(dòng)出現(xiàn)高峰,而后隨時(shí)間有起伏的逐漸衰減；強(qiáng)余震也能夠引發(fā)高階余震序列,使地震活動(dòng)出現(xiàn)小高峰。地震序列的優(yōu)勢(shì)分布方向與附近斷裂和區(qū)域應(yīng)力場(chǎng)有關(guān),但是,大的地震會(huì)破壞區(qū)域應(yīng)力場(chǎng)和附近地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu),使得地震序列出現(xiàn)新的優(yōu)勢(shì)分布方向,因此,地震序列的分布同樣受到由主震或大的余震引發(fā)的局部應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的控制。通過對(duì)云南地區(qū)整體地震活動(dòng)的震中和震源深度分布進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅4級(jí)以上的中強(qiáng)地震沿附近活動(dòng)斷裂分布,14級(jí)的中小地震也多數(shù)沿活動(dòng)斷裂分布。川滇菱形塊體內(nèi)部也分布有少量的中小地震,推測(cè)川滇菱形塊體在整體運(yùn)動(dòng)的過程中,內(nèi)部受力并不均勻,導(dǎo)致地層出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)動(dòng),形成斷裂,產(chǎn)生地震。川滇菱形塊體內(nèi)部可能存在多條隱伏斷裂。震源深度的分布與活動(dòng)斷裂也具有明顯的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,深大斷裂處,震源深度較深。少數(shù)小地震的震源深度已進(jìn)入下地殼甚至上地幔,中強(qiáng)地震大多發(fā)生于上地殼,并且隨著震級(jí)增大,震源平均深度越深,但是深度分布范圍越窄。震源深度的分布特征與云南地殼“北深南淺”的特征相符合。本文的研究表明,地震活動(dòng)的時(shí)空分布能很好的反映活動(dòng)構(gòu)造的特征,與活動(dòng)構(gòu)造之間具有密切的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Seismic location is one of the basic work of the seismology, and it is of great significance to study the structure of the activity. The spatial and temporal distribution of the seismic source can be obtained by the double-difference seismic location method, which is a powerful weapon for studying the relationship between the seismic activity and the activity structure. By using the natural seismic observation report and the digital waveform data recorded by the Yunnan Digital Seismic Network, the waveform cross-correlation technique is applied to calculate the time difference data of the waveform, and the two-difference location method is used to re-position the M-type 1.0-level earthquake in the region of Yunnan in 2009-2014. And the fine seismic activity images of the whole Yunnan area are obtained. In this paper, the calculation and use of waveform cross-correlation data are emphasized. The main purpose of this paper is to obtain stable and reliable high-precision waveform and to close the time-difference data with each other. The spatial and temporal distribution of the relocated earthquake and the relationship between the structure of the activities in Yunnan are analyzed, and the details of the structure of the activity are reflected. In this paper, a time-domain multi-channel correlation detection function is proposed, which can improve the calculation efficiency and obtain stable cross-correlation time difference data. At the same time, some criteria are used to screen the time difference data of the directory and the time difference data of each other, so as to ensure the reliability of the time difference data. Because of the advantages and disadvantages of the catalogue data and the cross-correlation data, this paper makes an organic combination, and improves the number of the positioning as much as possible on the basis of ensuring the positioning accuracy. In this paper, the study area is divided into 13 blocks, and the positioning results of 33328 earthquakes are obtained. The correlation between the positioning error and the source parameter is evaluated by the statistical method. The results show that the correlation between the positioning accuracy and the attenuation of the source parameters can be improved by cross-correlation data, which is the key to the double-difference location method. In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution of the earthquake in Yunnan and the spatial and temporal distribution of the earthquakes in some areas of the earthquake are analyzed in this paper. The relationship between the distribution of the earthquake and the structure of the earthquake is discussed, and some meaningful conclusions are drawn. After the relocation, the distribution of the seismic sequence is characterized by good correspondence with the nearby fracture and the regional stress field. Through the analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the seismic sequence, it is found that there is a period of quiet period of the seismic activity before the main shock occurs, indicating that the regional stress is accumulating and providing the energy for the occurrence of the large earthquake; when the main shock occurs, the earthquake activity is at a peak, The strong aftershock can also cause high-order aftershock sequence to make the earthquake activity small peak. The dominant distribution direction of the seismic sequence is related to the nearby fracture and the regional stress field. However, the large earthquake will destroy the regional stress field and the nearby geological structure, so that the seismic sequence has a new dominant distribution direction, so, The distribution of the seismic sequence is also controlled by the local stress field induced by the main shock or the large aftershock. Based on the analysis of the epicenter and the depth of the focal depth of the whole seismic activity in Yunnan, it is found that not only the mid-strong earthquakes in the vicinity of level 4 are distributed in the vicinity, but the small and medium-sized earthquakes of class 14 are also distributed along the active faults. Small and medium-sized earthquakes are also distributed in the interior of the Sichuan-Yunnan diamond-shaped block, and it is assumed that the internal stress is not uniform in the process of the whole motion of the Sichuan-Yunnan diamond-shaped block, and the formation of the stratum is wrong, and the fracture is formed and the earthquake is generated. There may be a plurality of hidden faults inside the Sichuan-Yunnan diamond-shaped block. The distribution of the depth of the source and the active faults also have a clear corresponding relation, and the depth of the source is deeper than the depth of the source. The depth of the source of a small number of small earthquakes has entered the lower crust or even the upper crust, and the middle-strong earthquakes mostly occur in the upper crust, and as the magnitude increases, the average depth of the source is deeper, but the narrower the depth distribution. The distribution of the depth of the source is consistent with the characteristics of the crustal "the south of the north is shallow" in Yunnan. The research of this paper shows that the spatial and temporal distribution of the seismic activity can reflect the characteristics of the active structure well and have a close relationship with the structure of the activity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P315.5
本文編號(hào)：2506201
[Abstract]:Seismic location is one of the basic work of the seismology, and it is of great significance to study the structure of the activity. The spatial and temporal distribution of the seismic source can be obtained by the double-difference seismic location method, which is a powerful weapon for studying the relationship between the seismic activity and the activity structure. By using the natural seismic observation report and the digital waveform data recorded by the Yunnan Digital Seismic Network, the waveform cross-correlation technique is applied to calculate the time difference data of the waveform, and the two-difference location method is used to re-position the M-type 1.0-level earthquake in the region of Yunnan in 2009-2014. And the fine seismic activity images of the whole Yunnan area are obtained. In this paper, the calculation and use of waveform cross-correlation data are emphasized. The main purpose of this paper is to obtain stable and reliable high-precision waveform and to close the time-difference data with each other. The spatial and temporal distribution of the relocated earthquake and the relationship between the structure of the activities in Yunnan are analyzed, and the details of the structure of the activity are reflected. In this paper, a time-domain multi-channel correlation detection function is proposed, which can improve the calculation efficiency and obtain stable cross-correlation time difference data. At the same time, some criteria are used to screen the time difference data of the directory and the time difference data of each other, so as to ensure the reliability of the time difference data. Because of the advantages and disadvantages of the catalogue data and the cross-correlation data, this paper makes an organic combination, and improves the number of the positioning as much as possible on the basis of ensuring the positioning accuracy. In this paper, the study area is divided into 13 blocks, and the positioning results of 33328 earthquakes are obtained. The correlation between the positioning error and the source parameter is evaluated by the statistical method. The results show that the correlation between the positioning accuracy and the attenuation of the source parameters can be improved by cross-correlation data, which is the key to the double-difference location method. In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution of the earthquake in Yunnan and the spatial and temporal distribution of the earthquakes in some areas of the earthquake are analyzed in this paper. The relationship between the distribution of the earthquake and the structure of the earthquake is discussed, and some meaningful conclusions are drawn. After the relocation, the distribution of the seismic sequence is characterized by good correspondence with the nearby fracture and the regional stress field. Through the analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the seismic sequence, it is found that there is a period of quiet period of the seismic activity before the main shock occurs, indicating that the regional stress is accumulating and providing the energy for the occurrence of the large earthquake; when the main shock occurs, the earthquake activity is at a peak, The strong aftershock can also cause high-order aftershock sequence to make the earthquake activity small peak. The dominant distribution direction of the seismic sequence is related to the nearby fracture and the regional stress field. However, the large earthquake will destroy the regional stress field and the nearby geological structure, so that the seismic sequence has a new dominant distribution direction, so, The distribution of the seismic sequence is also controlled by the local stress field induced by the main shock or the large aftershock. Based on the analysis of the epicenter and the depth of the focal depth of the whole seismic activity in Yunnan, it is found that not only the mid-strong earthquakes in the vicinity of level 4 are distributed in the vicinity, but the small and medium-sized earthquakes of class 14 are also distributed along the active faults. Small and medium-sized earthquakes are also distributed in the interior of the Sichuan-Yunnan diamond-shaped block, and it is assumed that the internal stress is not uniform in the process of the whole motion of the Sichuan-Yunnan diamond-shaped block, and the formation of the stratum is wrong, and the fracture is formed and the earthquake is generated. There may be a plurality of hidden faults inside the Sichuan-Yunnan diamond-shaped block. The distribution of the depth of the source and the active faults also have a clear corresponding relation, and the depth of the source is deeper than the depth of the source. The depth of the source of a small number of small earthquakes has entered the lower crust or even the upper crust, and the middle-strong earthquakes mostly occur in the upper crust, and as the magnitude increases, the average depth of the source is deeper, but the narrower the depth distribution. The distribution of the depth of the source is consistent with the characteristics of the crustal "the south of the north is shallow" in Yunnan. The research of this paper shows that the spatial and temporal distribution of the seismic activity can reflect the characteristics of the active structure well and have a close relationship with the structure of the activity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P315.5
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