塔里木油田哈的區(qū)塊碎屑巖儲(chǔ)層保護(hù)技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-20 03:22
【摘要】：儲(chǔ)層保護(hù)工作是一門多領(lǐng)域、多學(xué)科,貫穿油田開發(fā)到生產(chǎn)整個(gè)過程的工程。從準(zhǔn)備開發(fā)到油藏枯竭全過程都需要主意加強(qiáng)儲(chǔ)層保護(hù),任何微小的不當(dāng)措施都有可能導(dǎo)致油田的開發(fā)全面不利。因此,在開發(fā)開采過程中落實(shí)儲(chǔ)層保護(hù)措施,實(shí)施邊開發(fā)邊保護(hù),才能有效地開采油氣資源。哈德區(qū)塊是塔里木黑油穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的最重要區(qū)塊,該油田自1999年投入開發(fā)以來,峰值產(chǎn)量達(dá)到200萬噸。近年來,塔里木油田哈的區(qū)塊在鉆井、完井、注水、增產(chǎn)等作業(yè)過程中損害了油氣儲(chǔ)層,導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)量急劇下降。因此,有必要分析該區(qū)塊目前儲(chǔ)層損害的原因,提出有效的儲(chǔ)層保護(hù)技術(shù),并對(duì)該區(qū)塊目前使用的鉆井液進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。鉆井過程中油氣層損害原因主要包括五個(gè)方面：(1)鉆井液中分散相顆粒堵塞油氣層(2)鉆井液濾液與油氣層巖石不配伍引起的損害(3)鉆井液濾液與油氣層流體不配伍引起的損害(4)相滲透率變化引起的損害(5)負(fù)壓差急劇變小造成的油氣層損害本文主要從入井液與油氣層巖石不配伍引起的損害這一角度進(jìn)行研究,通過選取塔里木油田哈德區(qū)塊的巖樣進(jìn)行巖性分析并按照《儲(chǔ)層敏感性流動(dòng)評(píng)價(jià)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法(SY/T5358-2002)》進(jìn)行巖性流動(dòng)敏感性評(píng)價(jià)實(shí)驗(yàn)的出以下結(jié)論：通過巖性分析,得出的結(jié)論為：1、從掃描電鏡圖中可以看到巖石碎屑顆粒分選較好,粒間孔隙較發(fā)育,薄砂層連通性中等,東河砂巖連通性好,因此它們受到固相入侵的可能損害的可能性較大。2、從掃描電鏡圖中可以看出巖樣中位于孔喉邊緣的巖石粒徑較大(大于37um),因此不容易出現(xiàn)微粒運(yùn)移堵塞孔道,巖心可能無速敏。3、從放大3000倍的圖片可以刻看出粘土礦物是彎片狀與碎片裝相混合,可能存在伊利石、蒙脫石、伊／蒙間層,因此儲(chǔ)層可能存在水敏和鹽敏。4、粘土X射線衍射全巖心分析含量2%-10%,平均含量7%�？梢缘弥粒砷g層礦物含量相對(duì)較高,相對(duì)約占40%,伊利石的含量相對(duì)較高,約35%,說明儲(chǔ)層可能存在水敏與鹽敏。5、由于粘土中還有一定的綠泥石,因此儲(chǔ)層可能存在酸敏。6、東河砂巖組儲(chǔ)層地層水pH值為7.0-8.0左右,與一般的鉆完井液pH值相比較低(鉆完井液pH值一般為8-11),同時(shí)儲(chǔ)層內(nèi)含有一定的長(zhǎng)石(主要是含有硅酸鹽),因此,儲(chǔ)層可能發(fā)生堿敏。通過目前已進(jìn)行巖心流動(dòng)敏感性實(shí)驗(yàn)可以得出：1、塔里木哈德區(qū)塊巖心無速敏,流速變化對(duì)滲透率無太大影響。2、塔里木油田哈德區(qū)塊水敏和鹽敏表現(xiàn)為中等偏弱到中等偏強(qiáng)水敏,及中等偏強(qiáng)鹽敏到強(qiáng)鹽敏,臨界礦化度為110000ppm。通過目前已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了的實(shí)驗(yàn)給鉆井液優(yōu)化的建議：1、減少固相含量,減少膨潤土用量,選擇匹配的固相顆粒尺寸大小,級(jí)配和數(shù)量,以控制固相侵入的數(shù)量與深度根據(jù)油層特性選用暫堵劑,防止固相入侵,在油井投產(chǎn)時(shí)再進(jìn)行解堵。2、配置鉆井液時(shí)需要控制礦化度,保證礦化度在臨界礦化度以下,避免引起鉆井液與儲(chǔ)層巖石的不配伍造成的儲(chǔ)層損害。3、采用能抑制粘土膨脹的鉆井液,如氯化鉀鉆井液、油基泥漿鉆井液、油包水鉆井液等。
[Abstract]:Reservoir protection is a multi-disciplinary, multi-disciplinary and through-oilfield development to the whole process of production. It is necessary to strengthen the reservoir protection from the process of preparation and development to the whole process of reservoir depletion, and any minor improper measures may lead to the overall disadvantage of the development of the oil field. Therefore, the reservoir protection measures shall be implemented in the course of exploitation and exploitation, and the protection of the development edge shall be implemented to effectively exploit the oil and gas resources. The hard block is the most important block of the stable and stable production of the Tarim oil field, which has reached a peak output of 2 million tons since it was put into development in 1999. In recent years, the block of the Tarim oil field has damaged the oil and gas reservoir in the process of drilling, completion, water injection and stimulation, resulting in a sharp drop in production. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the cause of the current reservoir damage in the block, and put forward the effective reservoir protection technology, and optimize the drilling fluid currently used in the block. The cause of the damage of the oil and gas layer in the drilling process mainly includes five aspects: (1) The dispersed phase particles in the drilling fluid block the oil and gas layer (2) the damage (3) caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid filtrate with the oil and gas layer rocks (3) the damage (4) caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid filtrate with the fluid of the oil and gas layer (4) The damage (5) caused by the change of the permeability of the phase and the oil and gas caused by the sudden decrease of the negative pressure difference The layer damage is mainly studied from the angle of damage caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid and the oil and gas layer. The rock samples of the hard block of the Tarim Oilfield are selected for lithology analysis and the following conclusions are drawn according to the test method of the reservoir sensitivity flow evaluation (SY/ T5358-2002)> for the evaluation of the lithology flow sensitivity: by the lithology analysis, the conclusion is as follows:1, In that scanning electron microscope, the separation of the rock debris particle is good, the inter-grain pore is relatively developed, the connectivity of the thin sand layer is moderate, and the connectivity of the Donghe sandstone is good, so that the possibility of the possibility of damage to the solid-phase intrusion is large. It can be seen from the scanning electron microscope that the size of the rock located at the edge of the hole in the rock sample is larger (more than 37um), so that the particle migration and blocking pore canal is not easy to occur, the core may not be fast-sensitive. There may be illite, smectite, i/ montmorillonite, so the reservoir may be water-sensitive and salt-sensitive.4. The total core analysis content of the clay X-ray diffraction is 2-10% and the average content is 7%. it can be known that the mineral content of the i/ mongolian layer is relatively high, relative to about 40%, the content of illite is relatively high, about 35%, indicating that the reservoir may be water-sensitive and salt-sensitive.5, since there is a certain amount of chlorite in the clay, the reservoir may be acid-sensitive.6, The reservoir formation water pH value of the Donghe sandstone reservoir is about 7.0-8.0, and the pH value of the general drilling and completion fluid is low (the pH value of the completion fluid is generally 8-11), while the reservoir contains a certain amount of feldspar (mainly containing silicate), so that the reservoir may be alkali-sensitive. At present, the core flow sensitivity experiment has been carried out to obtain:1. The core of the Tarim block has no quick sensitivity, and the change of the flow rate has no great influence on the permeability.2. The water-sensitive and salt-sensitive performance of the hard block in the Tarim oil field is moderate to medium-biased water-sensitive. And the critical mineralization is 110000 ppm. the method has the following steps:1, reducing the solid phase content, reducing the amount of the bentonite, selecting the size, the gradation and the number of the matched solid-phase particles to control the number and the depth of the solid-phase intrusion, selecting a temporary plugging agent according to the characteristics of the oil layer, To prevent solid-phase intrusion and to deblock when the oil well is put into operation.2. When drilling a drilling fluid, it is necessary to control the degree of mineralization, to ensure that the degree of mineralization is below the critical degree of mineralization, so as to avoid the reservoir damage caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid and the reservoir rock. Such as potassium chloride drilling fluid, oil-based mud drilling fluid, water-in-oil drilling fluid, and the like.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13
本文編號(hào)：2502877
[Abstract]:Reservoir protection is a multi-disciplinary, multi-disciplinary and through-oilfield development to the whole process of production. It is necessary to strengthen the reservoir protection from the process of preparation and development to the whole process of reservoir depletion, and any minor improper measures may lead to the overall disadvantage of the development of the oil field. Therefore, the reservoir protection measures shall be implemented in the course of exploitation and exploitation, and the protection of the development edge shall be implemented to effectively exploit the oil and gas resources. The hard block is the most important block of the stable and stable production of the Tarim oil field, which has reached a peak output of 2 million tons since it was put into development in 1999. In recent years, the block of the Tarim oil field has damaged the oil and gas reservoir in the process of drilling, completion, water injection and stimulation, resulting in a sharp drop in production. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the cause of the current reservoir damage in the block, and put forward the effective reservoir protection technology, and optimize the drilling fluid currently used in the block. The cause of the damage of the oil and gas layer in the drilling process mainly includes five aspects: (1) The dispersed phase particles in the drilling fluid block the oil and gas layer (2) the damage (3) caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid filtrate with the oil and gas layer rocks (3) the damage (4) caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid filtrate with the fluid of the oil and gas layer (4) The damage (5) caused by the change of the permeability of the phase and the oil and gas caused by the sudden decrease of the negative pressure difference The layer damage is mainly studied from the angle of damage caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid and the oil and gas layer. The rock samples of the hard block of the Tarim Oilfield are selected for lithology analysis and the following conclusions are drawn according to the test method of the reservoir sensitivity flow evaluation (SY/ T5358-2002)> for the evaluation of the lithology flow sensitivity: by the lithology analysis, the conclusion is as follows:1, In that scanning electron microscope, the separation of the rock debris particle is good, the inter-grain pore is relatively developed, the connectivity of the thin sand layer is moderate, and the connectivity of the Donghe sandstone is good, so that the possibility of the possibility of damage to the solid-phase intrusion is large. It can be seen from the scanning electron microscope that the size of the rock located at the edge of the hole in the rock sample is larger (more than 37um), so that the particle migration and blocking pore canal is not easy to occur, the core may not be fast-sensitive. There may be illite, smectite, i/ montmorillonite, so the reservoir may be water-sensitive and salt-sensitive.4. The total core analysis content of the clay X-ray diffraction is 2-10% and the average content is 7%. it can be known that the mineral content of the i/ mongolian layer is relatively high, relative to about 40%, the content of illite is relatively high, about 35%, indicating that the reservoir may be water-sensitive and salt-sensitive.5, since there is a certain amount of chlorite in the clay, the reservoir may be acid-sensitive.6, The reservoir formation water pH value of the Donghe sandstone reservoir is about 7.0-8.0, and the pH value of the general drilling and completion fluid is low (the pH value of the completion fluid is generally 8-11), while the reservoir contains a certain amount of feldspar (mainly containing silicate), so that the reservoir may be alkali-sensitive. At present, the core flow sensitivity experiment has been carried out to obtain:1. The core of the Tarim block has no quick sensitivity, and the change of the flow rate has no great influence on the permeability.2. The water-sensitive and salt-sensitive performance of the hard block in the Tarim oil field is moderate to medium-biased water-sensitive. And the critical mineralization is 110000 ppm. the method has the following steps:1, reducing the solid phase content, reducing the amount of the bentonite, selecting the size, the gradation and the number of the matched solid-phase particles to control the number and the depth of the solid-phase intrusion, selecting a temporary plugging agent according to the characteristics of the oil layer, To prevent solid-phase intrusion and to deblock when the oil well is put into operation.2. When drilling a drilling fluid, it is necessary to control the degree of mineralization, to ensure that the degree of mineralization is below the critical degree of mineralization, so as to avoid the reservoir damage caused by the incompatibility of the drilling fluid and the reservoir rock. Such as potassium chloride drilling fluid, oil-based mud drilling fluid, water-in-oil drilling fluid, and the like.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 張金波,鄢捷年;鉆井液中暫堵劑顆粒尺寸分布優(yōu)選的新理論和新方法[J];石油學(xué)報(bào);2004年06期
，本文編號(hào)：2502877
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