【摘要】：近乎所有的基礎(chǔ)地質(zhì)研究以及石油地質(zhì)研究都會涉及到地震資料解釋,包括構(gòu)造地質(zhì)學、地震地層學等學科。地震資料解釋涵蓋了油氣勘探的全部環(huán)節(jié),比如油氣盆地的區(qū)域評價及油氣儲量的評估、含油氣的系統(tǒng)評估、早期確定開發(fā)方案的評價以及后期的監(jiān)測調(diào)整開發(fā)方案評價。而三維地質(zhì)異常體表面重建以及可視化是地震資料解釋過程中極其重要的一部分,它能夠?qū)⒌卣鸩杉瘮?shù)據(jù)直觀反映給地質(zhì)地震研究人員,從而幫助從業(yè)人員更好地了解地表以下的情況以便做出科學的判斷。三維目標物體的表面重建以及可視化技術(shù)被廣泛地應(yīng)用于包括航空、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、環(huán)境科學、地震地質(zhì)勘探等在內(nèi)的多個領(lǐng)域。目前,對于此類研究的解決方案有兩種思路:第一種思路是如商用三維可視化建模軟件Petrel一樣利用標量的形式(體透視)直接表達三維地質(zhì)體;第二種思路則是利用矢量的形式可視化三維地質(zhì)體,例如通過使用三角面片來近似三維地質(zhì)體的表面。在實際地震的地震資料解釋當中,不同的地震屬性常常從不同的方面刻畫出需要研究的地下情況。然而現(xiàn)有的解決方案往往都是利用單一的地震數(shù)據(jù)進行處理,沒有結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)的不同地震屬性,因此得到的可視化結(jié)果往往是不盡如人意的。根據(jù)地震的具體情況,本文提出了一種新的基于多個不同地震屬性的三維地質(zhì)異常體特征級融合提取的方法,并對結(jié)果進行數(shù)據(jù)填補及表面平滑處理以期達到更好地表達三維地質(zhì)異常體的目的。本文完成的主要工作如下:1、針對不同的地震數(shù)據(jù)屬性,本文提出了一種結(jié)合客觀地震數(shù)據(jù)特點和研究人員的專業(yè)解釋經(jīng)驗的特征級三維圖像融合方法。首先對待處理的多個包含不同地震屬性的工區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)進行預(yù)處理,提取出用戶感興趣的地質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)的特征散點;然后結(jié)合研究人員的專業(yè)解釋知識應(yīng)用模糊邏輯理論將不同的地震屬性散點數(shù)據(jù)進行特征級的融合從而建立起融合后的地質(zhì)異常體場數(shù)據(jù);最后通過等值面追蹤方法將所需要的三維地質(zhì)異常體表達出來。2、融合后還未經(jīng)過平滑處理的地質(zhì)異常體往往還存在著一些毛刺或者噪聲干擾因此不夠美觀而且不利于觀察研究,所以需要對其進行后期的整形及平滑處理,在對三維地質(zhì)異常體數(shù)據(jù)進行數(shù)據(jù)填補的基礎(chǔ)上再進行表面光滑操作。為了使得到的三維地質(zhì)異常體更加完整、更加光滑,更加便于地質(zhì)研究人員分析與可視化,本文在得到的融合地質(zhì)異常體散點數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上提出了一種新的三維地質(zhì)異常體數(shù)據(jù)填補及表面平滑方法流程,并利用實際的四川西部某個地震數(shù)據(jù)工區(qū)做了仿真實驗,取得了較好的效果。3、在上述研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本文實現(xiàn)了一個結(jié)合專業(yè)解釋經(jīng)驗和實際客觀數(shù)據(jù)的基于特征級融合的三維地質(zhì)異常體表面重建以及可視化的系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用于實際的地質(zhì)解釋項目中,取得了較好的實際工區(qū)的三維地質(zhì)異常體可視化效果,得到了用戶的一致好評。
[Abstract]:Almost all of the underlying geological studies and the petroleum geology study involved seismic data interpretation, including structural geology, seismic stratigraphy, and so on. The interpretation of seismic data covers all aspects of oil and gas exploration, such as the regional assessment of the oil and gas basin, the assessment of the oil and gas reserves, the system assessment of oil and gas, the evaluation of the early development plan and the evaluation of the later monitoring and adjustment development plan. The surface reconstruction and visualization of the three-dimensional geological anomalous body is a very important part of the seismic data interpretation process, which can directly reflect the seismic acquisition data to the geological seismic researchers, thus helping the practitioners to better understand the situation below the surface in order to make scientific judgment. The surface reconstruction and visualization of three-dimensional target objects are widely used in many fields, including aviation, medical and health, environmental science, and seismic exploration. At present, there are two ideas for the solution of this kind of research: the first idea is that the three-dimensional geological body is directly expressed in the form of a scalar (body perspective) like the commercial three-dimensional visual modeling software Petrel; the second thought is to visualize the three-dimensional geological body in the form of a vector, For example by using a triangular patch to approximate the surface of the three-dimensional geological body. In the interpretation of the seismic data of the actual earthquake, different seismic attributes often depict the underground conditions that need to be studied from different aspects. However, the existing solutions are often treated with a single seismic data without the different seismic attributes of the data, and the resulting visual results are often not satisfactory. Based on the specific situation of the earthquake, a new method for extracting three-dimensional geological anomalies based on several different seismic attributes is presented, and the results are filled with data and the surface smoothing is performed with a view to achieving the purpose of better expression of the three-dimensional geological anomaly. The main work accomplished in this paper is as follows:1. For different seismic data attributes, this paper presents a feature-level three-dimensional image fusion method combining the characteristics of objective seismic data and the professional interpretation experience of the researchers. the method comprises the following steps of: preprocessing a plurality of work area data containing different seismic attributes to be processed, and extracting a characteristic divergence point of the geological data of which the user is interested; Then according to the professional interpretation knowledge of the researchers, the fuzzy logic theory is applied to carry out the fusion of the characteristic level of the different seismic attribute scattered point data so as to establish the fused geological anomalous body field data; and finally, the required three-dimensional geological anomalous body is expressed by the equivalent surface tracking method. after the fusion, there are still some burr or noise interference in the geological abnormal body which has not undergone the smoothing treatment, so that it is not beautiful and is not favorable for observation and research, so it is necessary to carry out the later shaping and smoothing treatment, And the surface smoothing operation is carried out on the basis of data filling of the data of the three-dimensional geological anomalous body. In order to make the obtained three-dimensional geological anomalous body more complete, smoother and more convenient for the analysis and visualization of the geological research personnel, a new three-dimensional geological anomalous body data filling and surface smoothing method flow is provided on the basis of the obtained fused geological anomalous bulk point data, And the simulation experiment is carried out by using the actual earthquake data work area of the west of Sichuan, and the better effect is obtained. In this paper, a system of surface reconstruction and visualization of three-dimensional geological anomalies based on feature-level fusion, which combines professional interpretation experience and actual objective data, is realized. The system has been applied to the practical geological interpretation project, and has obtained the visual effect of the three-dimensional geological anomalies in the real work area, and obtained the consistent high praise from the user.
【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4;TP391.41

【共引文獻】

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本文編號：2494634