基于波場延拓的多次波壓制技術(shù)及其改進(jìn)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-06 04:44
【摘要】：多次波衰減是地震勘探資料處理中的一個(gè)重要課題[1],多次波的去除效果好壞直接影響后面的數(shù)據(jù)處理與解釋，一個(gè)比較明顯的例子就是使得重要的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造受到屏蔽，不能很好的被揭示出來，而且還有可能導(dǎo)致沉積加厚的錯(cuò)誤，進(jìn)而影響整個(gè)地震勘探效果。為了提高地震勘探的效果，識(shí)別與壓制多次波是一個(gè)十分重要的問題。為了消除多次波，首先要找出多次波與一次波差異。多次波的種類有很多，分類方法也有很多種，按照產(chǎn)生的位置來分，有地表相關(guān)多次波，層間多次波。顧名思義，地表相關(guān)多次波的產(chǎn)生位置位于地表，在海上勘探時(shí)，反射面為水面。該種多次波的反射能量較強(qiáng)。層間多次波是指在地下介質(zhì)層中多次反射產(chǎn)生的多次波。除了上述分類方法，多次波也可以按照周期的長短來進(jìn)行分類，按照這種分類方法可以分成長周期與短周期的多次波[2]，長周期多次波的特點(diǎn)是具有分離的同相軸，具有確定性的表現(xiàn)特征，在地震數(shù)據(jù)中能夠被很好的識(shí)別。與之相反，短周期多次波的產(chǎn)生原因多與地下介質(zhì)薄層干涉有關(guān)，而且相比于長周期多次波來說，短周期多次波極不容易被識(shí)別[2]。由于多次波問題的重要性，因此已經(jīng)引起了眾多地震勘探領(lǐng)域研究人員的重視，大量的科研力量投入到多次波問題的研究當(dāng)中，許多勘探地震學(xué)家都致力于多次波壓制方面的工作，并且獲得了大量的成果。1997年SEG年會(huì)上，專門展開了一場討論就壓制多次波問題，隨后在1999年，“THE LEADING EDGE”特別開辟了一個(gè)壓制多次波的專題進(jìn)行刊登，反映了勘探地球物理學(xué)家們對(duì)此問題的關(guān)注[3]，很多有效的多次波壓制方法不斷被提出來，并且得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，成為了地震勘探過程中不可或缺的步驟。這些方法主要分為兩類，一類是基于一次波和多次波在空間上的差異，另一類是基于多次波的可預(yù)測性和周期性這兩個(gè)性質(zhì)。一次波和多次波在地下傳播路徑上有差異，這種性質(zhì)使得兩者在速度上和反射結(jié)構(gòu)上有了差異，第一類消除方法就是基于這個(gè)原理。同樣，一次波與多次波是存在內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的，可以通過利用顯式或隱式的波動(dòng)方程將他們聯(lián)系起來，這種方法首先需要預(yù)測多次波，這就需要用到一次波，然后再將預(yù)測的多次波從原始數(shù)據(jù)中減去。在這兩類方法中，比較普遍應(yīng)用的有基于時(shí)差和傾角差異去除多次波法，預(yù)測反褶積去除多次波方法，波場延拓法壓制多次波法，SRME方法等等。其中，SRME方法就是利用疊前數(shù)據(jù)來構(gòu)建地表相關(guān)多次波的，，基本過程就是利用疊前數(shù)據(jù)本身作為波場延拓的因子，即通過對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)自身進(jìn)行褶積，由一次反射波產(chǎn)生一階多次波，這是一種數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)的方法，這種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是不需要知道地下介質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的信息，因?yàn)榈卣饠?shù)據(jù)本身做延拓算子，里面已經(jīng)包含了地下介質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的一些信息。但是SRME方法存在的問題是但它的缺陷在于實(shí)際采樣數(shù)據(jù)很難滿足理論要求，尤其是在三維領(lǐng)域。 針對(duì)SRME方法存在的問題，本文所做的波場延拓方法源于惠更斯原理，將由接收表面的地震波場通過與地下介質(zhì)各點(diǎn)到水面的格林函數(shù)做褶積，將其延拓到海底，然后再延拓回接收平面，即在水層增加了一個(gè)傳播過程，增加了多次波的階數(shù)，由于該種方法的預(yù)測算子是建立在模型基礎(chǔ)上的，不受限于震源采樣，能夠彌補(bǔ)SRME的缺陷。通過結(jié)合Curvelet域多次波匹配減去方法，波場延拓技術(shù)取得了較好的多次波壓制效果。 Curvelet變換作為一種全新的多尺度多方向時(shí)頻分析方法，具有很好的稀疏性和方向性，其稀疏性令其使用很少系數(shù)來準(zhǔn)確的描述地震信號(hào)，其方向性使得Curvelet變換能夠更稀疏的表示圖像的邊緣,對(duì)地震信號(hào)有高效的，穩(wěn)定的，近乎最優(yōu)的表示。Curvelet變換的一個(gè)優(yōu)勢在于有效信號(hào)和隨機(jī)噪聲在Curvelet域分開存放，這樣即可在提取有效信號(hào)的同時(shí)，又可以不增強(qiáng)隨機(jī)噪聲與干擾。 Curvelet變換具有的各向異性特性使得其能以最優(yōu)的程度去描述地震信號(hào)；Curvelet變換的方向性使其能夠?qū)Φ卣鹦盘?hào)信號(hào)做精細(xì)的處理，即只處理特定角度特定位置的地震信號(hào)，對(duì)其他信號(hào)則可以忽略，這為高精度地震資料處理提供了一種新方法；有效地震信號(hào)與隨機(jī)干擾經(jīng)過Curvelet變換后，區(qū)別極為明顯，在進(jìn)行處理的時(shí)后，只需提取有效地震信號(hào)，然后去除隨機(jī)的干擾即可，以此來壓制隨機(jī)噪聲，提高數(shù)據(jù)信噪比。 多次波的去除問題固然重要，但是不可忽視的一點(diǎn)就是無論是多次波還是一次波都是經(jīng)過地下介質(zhì)反射到地表被接收記錄的，因此多次波和一次波一樣也包含著大量地下介質(zhì)的信息，這就為壓制多次波的問題提供了一個(gè)新的方向，我們不能只關(guān)注于去除多次波，還要充分的利用多次波的這種特點(diǎn)，提高地下介質(zhì)的分辨能力。
[Abstract]:The multi-wave attenuation is an important subject in seismic exploration data processing[1]. The removal effect of multiple waves has a direct effect on the data processing and interpretation. A more obvious example is that the important geological structure is shielded and can't be revealed well. But also can lead to an error of deposition and thickening, thereby affecting the whole seismic exploration effect. In order to improve the effect of seismic exploration, it is a very important problem to identify and suppress multiple waves. In ord to eliminate multiple wave, it is first to find that difference between the multiple wave and the primary wave. There are many kinds of multiple waves, and there are many kinds of classification methods. According to the generated position, there are surface-related multiple waves, and the inter-layer multiple waves. As the name implies, the generation position of the surface-related multiple waves is located on the surface, and the reflecting surface is the water surface at the time of the sea exploration. The multiple-wave reflection energy is strong. The inter-layer multiple-wave is a plurality of waves generated in a plurality of reflections in the underground medium layer. in addition to the above-mentioned classification method, multiple waves can be classified according to the length of the period, and the multi-wave (2) of the growth period and the short period can be divided according to the classification method, And can be well recognized in the seismic data. In contrast, the cause of the short-period multiple-wave is much related to the thin-layer interference of the underground medium, and the short-period multiple-wave is not easily recognized as compared to the long-period multiple-wave. due to the importance of multiple wave problems, the importance of the researchers in many seismic exploration fields has been aroused, and a great deal of scientific research power has been put into the research of many wave problems, many of the exploration seismologists work on the work of multiple wave pressing, and a great deal of results were achieved. In the 1997 SEG meeting, a discussion was devoted to the suppression of multiple wave issues, and in 1999, the "THE LEADING EDGE" opened a special topic for the suppression of multiple waves, reflecting the concerns of the exploration geophysicists on this issue[3], Many effective multi-wave pressing methods have been put forward, and have been widely used and become an indispensable step in the process of seismic exploration. These methods are mainly divided into two classes, one is based on the difference of one wave and multiple waves in space, and the other is based on the predictability and periodicity of multiple waves. The first kind of elimination method is based on this principle. Again, once a wave is intrinsically linked to multiple waves, they can be associated by using explicit or implicit wave equations, which first requires prediction of multiple waves, which requires the use of a primary wave and then subtracts the predicted multiple waves from the original data. In these two kinds of methods, many wave methods, such as multi-wave method, multi-wave method, wave-field continuation method, multi-wave method, SRME method, and so on, are compared to the common application based on the difference of time difference and dip angle. in which, the SRME method uses the pre-stack data to construct the surface-related multiple-wave, the basic process is to use the pre-stack data itself as a factor of the wave field continuation, that is, by the convolution of the data itself, the first order multiple wave is generated by the primary reflection wave, which is a data-driven method, The advantage of this method is that it is not necessary to know the information of the structure of the underground medium, since the seismic data itself is a continuation operator, which already contains some information of the structure of the underground medium. The problem with the SRME method is, however, that the actual sampling data is difficult to meet the theoretical requirements, especially in the three-dimensional field. In order to solve the problems existing in the SRME method, the wave field continuation method in this paper is derived from the Huygens principle, and the seismic wave field from the receiving surface is folded by the Green's function corresponding to the points of the underground medium to the water surface to extend to the sea floor and then to the receiving level. The surface, that is, a propagation process is added to the water layer, and the order of multiple waves is increased. Because the prediction operator of the method is established on the basis of the model, it is not limited to the source sampling and can make up for the shortage of the SRME. In this paper, by combining Curvelet's multi-wave matching subtraction method, the wave field continuation technique has obtained the better multi-wave suppression effect The Curvelet transform, as a new multi-scale multi-direction time-frequency analysis method, has good sparsity and directivity, and its sparsity makes it use very few coefficients to accurately describe the seismic signal. Its directivity makes the Curvelet transform a more sparse representation of the image. The edge of the seismic signal is efficient, stable and nearly optimal. The advantage of the Curvelet transform is that the effective signal and random noise are stored separately in the Curvelet field, so that the effective signal can be extracted and the random noise can not be enhanced. the curvelet transform has anisotropic properties that enable it to describe the seismic signal at an optimal level; the directivity of the curvelet transform enables it to perform fine processing of the seismic signal signal, i. e., to handle only seismic signals at a particular angle-specific location, for other signals, can be ignored, which provides a new method for the high-precision seismic data processing; after the effective earthquake signal and the random interference pass through the Curvelet transformation, the difference is extremely obvious, make random noise and improve The data-to-noise ratio of the data is important, but it can't be ignored, that is whether the multiple waves or the primary wave are reflected from the underground medium to the surface to be recorded, so many waves and one wave also contain a large amount of wave The information of the underground medium provides a new direction for the suppression of the multiple waves, and we can't just focus on the removal of the multiple waves, but also make full use of the characteristics of multiple waves and improve the underground
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4
本文編號(hào)：2494080
[Abstract]:The multi-wave attenuation is an important subject in seismic exploration data processing[1]. The removal effect of multiple waves has a direct effect on the data processing and interpretation. A more obvious example is that the important geological structure is shielded and can't be revealed well. But also can lead to an error of deposition and thickening, thereby affecting the whole seismic exploration effect. In order to improve the effect of seismic exploration, it is a very important problem to identify and suppress multiple waves. In ord to eliminate multiple wave, it is first to find that difference between the multiple wave and the primary wave. There are many kinds of multiple waves, and there are many kinds of classification methods. According to the generated position, there are surface-related multiple waves, and the inter-layer multiple waves. As the name implies, the generation position of the surface-related multiple waves is located on the surface, and the reflecting surface is the water surface at the time of the sea exploration. The multiple-wave reflection energy is strong. The inter-layer multiple-wave is a plurality of waves generated in a plurality of reflections in the underground medium layer. in addition to the above-mentioned classification method, multiple waves can be classified according to the length of the period, and the multi-wave (2) of the growth period and the short period can be divided according to the classification method, And can be well recognized in the seismic data. In contrast, the cause of the short-period multiple-wave is much related to the thin-layer interference of the underground medium, and the short-period multiple-wave is not easily recognized as compared to the long-period multiple-wave. due to the importance of multiple wave problems, the importance of the researchers in many seismic exploration fields has been aroused, and a great deal of scientific research power has been put into the research of many wave problems, many of the exploration seismologists work on the work of multiple wave pressing, and a great deal of results were achieved. In the 1997 SEG meeting, a discussion was devoted to the suppression of multiple wave issues, and in 1999, the "THE LEADING EDGE" opened a special topic for the suppression of multiple waves, reflecting the concerns of the exploration geophysicists on this issue[3], Many effective multi-wave pressing methods have been put forward, and have been widely used and become an indispensable step in the process of seismic exploration. These methods are mainly divided into two classes, one is based on the difference of one wave and multiple waves in space, and the other is based on the predictability and periodicity of multiple waves. The first kind of elimination method is based on this principle. Again, once a wave is intrinsically linked to multiple waves, they can be associated by using explicit or implicit wave equations, which first requires prediction of multiple waves, which requires the use of a primary wave and then subtracts the predicted multiple waves from the original data. In these two kinds of methods, many wave methods, such as multi-wave method, multi-wave method, wave-field continuation method, multi-wave method, SRME method, and so on, are compared to the common application based on the difference of time difference and dip angle. in which, the SRME method uses the pre-stack data to construct the surface-related multiple-wave, the basic process is to use the pre-stack data itself as a factor of the wave field continuation, that is, by the convolution of the data itself, the first order multiple wave is generated by the primary reflection wave, which is a data-driven method, The advantage of this method is that it is not necessary to know the information of the structure of the underground medium, since the seismic data itself is a continuation operator, which already contains some information of the structure of the underground medium. The problem with the SRME method is, however, that the actual sampling data is difficult to meet the theoretical requirements, especially in the three-dimensional field. In order to solve the problems existing in the SRME method, the wave field continuation method in this paper is derived from the Huygens principle, and the seismic wave field from the receiving surface is folded by the Green's function corresponding to the points of the underground medium to the water surface to extend to the sea floor and then to the receiving level. The surface, that is, a propagation process is added to the water layer, and the order of multiple waves is increased. Because the prediction operator of the method is established on the basis of the model, it is not limited to the source sampling and can make up for the shortage of the SRME. In this paper, by combining Curvelet's multi-wave matching subtraction method, the wave field continuation technique has obtained the better multi-wave suppression effect The Curvelet transform, as a new multi-scale multi-direction time-frequency analysis method, has good sparsity and directivity, and its sparsity makes it use very few coefficients to accurately describe the seismic signal. Its directivity makes the Curvelet transform a more sparse representation of the image. The edge of the seismic signal is efficient, stable and nearly optimal. The advantage of the Curvelet transform is that the effective signal and random noise are stored separately in the Curvelet field, so that the effective signal can be extracted and the random noise can not be enhanced. the curvelet transform has anisotropic properties that enable it to describe the seismic signal at an optimal level; the directivity of the curvelet transform enables it to perform fine processing of the seismic signal signal, i. e., to handle only seismic signals at a particular angle-specific location, for other signals, can be ignored, which provides a new method for the high-precision seismic data processing; after the effective earthquake signal and the random interference pass through the Curvelet transformation, the difference is extremely obvious, make random noise and improve The data-to-noise ratio of the data is important, but it can't be ignored, that is whether the multiple waves or the primary wave are reflected from the underground medium to the surface to be recorded, so many waves and one wave also contain a large amount of wave The information of the underground medium provides a new direction for the suppression of the multiple waves, and we can't just focus on the removal of the multiple waves, but also make full use of the characteristics of multiple waves and improve the underground
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4
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