【摘要】：在川東紅層地區(qū),大范圍(或局地)強(qiáng)降雨天氣往往會(huì)誘發(fā)大量群發(fā)性滑坡災(zāi)害。尤其是近年來,因全球氣候變暖導(dǎo)致天氣系統(tǒng)紊亂,致使局地異常天氣現(xiàn)象越來越頻繁,程度越來越高,并出現(xiàn)“旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)”的特殊現(xiàn)象,更加劇了地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的爆發(fā)。滑坡的早期識(shí)別是指對未來可能形成滑坡或可能發(fā)生大規(guī)模變形的斜坡體進(jìn)行提前判識(shí),以期減少滑坡災(zāi)害對人類人民財(cái)產(chǎn)造成的威脅和損失。但就目前研究狀況而言,要準(zhǔn)確的判識(shí)一個(gè)潛在滑坡是相當(dāng)困難的,一方面是因?yàn)榈匦吻懈顝?qiáng)烈、植被覆蓋、野外工作可視度差等因素增加了識(shí)別的難度,另一方面不同地區(qū)的巖土體的結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì)差異相當(dāng)大,難以找到普遍的、統(tǒng)一的識(shí)別標(biāo)志。川東紅層滑坡主要發(fā)育在川東地區(qū)的較平緩的砂、泥巖互層的斜坡體上,分為巖質(zhì)滑坡和土質(zhì)滑坡兩大類。根據(jù)滑坡巖層的傾角度數(shù)不同,又將巖質(zhì)滑坡分為平推式滑坡和緩傾順層滑坡。平推式滑坡主要是指巖層傾角在3°—5°,最陡也不超過10°的滑坡,滑坡平面形態(tài)的橫向?qū)挾韧笥诳v向長度,是川東地區(qū)非常典型的一類滑坡,其中,根據(jù)平推式滑坡的形態(tài)及規(guī)模特征,又將其分為板梁狀滑坡、單級平推式滑坡和多級平推式滑坡;而緩傾順層滑坡主要是指巖層傾角在10°—20°之間的緩傾巖層滑坡。土質(zhì)滑坡根據(jù)其覆蓋層厚度及形成機(jī)理的差異又分為淺表層土質(zhì)滑坡和堆積層滑坡,但川東地區(qū)的土質(zhì)滑坡以淺表層土質(zhì)滑坡為主。本文的早期識(shí)別主要分為巖質(zhì)類滑坡早期識(shí)別和土質(zhì)滑坡的早期識(shí)別兩大部分。對于巖質(zhì)滑坡的早期識(shí)別,主要通過對板梁狀滑坡、平推式滑坡、緩傾順層滑坡的形成條件及演化過程的分析,總結(jié)出各類滑坡的地質(zhì)模型,由于平推式和緩傾順層的地質(zhì)模型頗有相似之處,因此將其統(tǒng)一歸為平緩巖層滑坡,然后結(jié)合收集的遙感影像圖和對大量的地面調(diào)查,從遙感解譯和地面調(diào)查兩個(gè)方面總結(jié)出板梁狀滑坡和平緩巖層滑坡的早期識(shí)別標(biāo)志。對于土質(zhì)滑坡的早期識(shí)別,也是在把握淺表層土質(zhì)滑坡和堆積層滑坡的形成條件及演化過程的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合典型實(shí)例的前后遙感影像圖對比,從遙感和地面兩個(gè)方面歸納總結(jié)出其早期識(shí)別標(biāo)志。
[Abstract]:In the red layer area of eastern Sichuan, large-scale (or local) heavy rainfall weather often leads to a large number of group landslide disasters. Especially in recent years, due to the disorder of weather system caused by global warming, the local abnormal weather phenomenon is becoming more and more frequent and the degree is getting higher and higher, and the special phenomenon of "drought and flood turning rapidly" has aggravated the outbreak of geological disasters. The early identification of landslides refers to the early identification of slopes that may form landslides or may cause large-scale deformation in the future, in order to reduce the threat and loss caused by landslide disasters to the property of human people. However, as far as the current research situation is concerned, it is very difficult to accurately identify a potential landslide. On the one hand, it is because of strong terrain cutting, vegetation cover, poor visibility of field work and other factors that increase the difficulty of recognition. On the other hand, the structure and properties of rock and soil in different areas are quite different, so it is difficult to find a universal and unified identification mark. The red layer landslide in eastern Sichuan is mainly developed on the gentle sand and mudstone interbedded slope in eastern Sichuan, which can be divided into two categories: rock landslide and soil landslide. According to the different inclination angle of landslide strata, the rock landslide is divided into flat push landslide and slow dip bedding landslide. The flat-push landslide mainly refers to the landslide with rock dip angle of 3 擄- 5 擄and the steepest one not more than 10 擄. The transverse width of the landslide plane shape is often larger than the longitudinal length, which is a very typical kind of landslide in eastern Sichuan. According to the shape and scale characteristics of flat push landslide, it can be divided into plate beam landslide, single stage push landslide and multistage push landslide. The gentle dip bedding landslide mainly refers to the slow dip strata landslide with dip angle between 10 擄and 20 擄. According to the difference of overburden thickness and formation mechanism, soil landslide can be divided into shallow surface soil landslide and accumulation layer landslide, but the soil landslide in eastern Sichuan is mainly shallow soil landslide. The early identification of this paper is mainly divided into two parts: the early identification of rock landslide and the early identification of soil landslide. For the early identification of rock landslides, the geological models of all kinds of landslides are summarized by analyzing the formation conditions and evolution process of plate beam landslides, flat push landslides and gently inclined bedding landslides. Because the geological models of flattened and gently tilting bedding are quite similar, they are classified as flat rock landslides, and then combined with the collected remote sensing images and a large number of ground surveys, The early identification marks of plate beam landslide and gentle rock landslide are summarized from two aspects of remote sensing interpretation and ground investigation. For the early identification of soil landslides, it is also on the basis of grasping the formation conditions and evolution process of shallow surface soil landslides and accumulation layer landslides, combined with the comparison of remote sensing images before and after typical examples. The early identification marks are summarized from two aspects of remote sensing and ground.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P642.22

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本文編號(hào)：2490367