【摘要】：風(fēng)塵是地球表層系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,廣泛參與地球系統(tǒng)中不同時(shí)空尺度的物理、化學(xué)和生物過程,對(duì)全球氣候和生態(tài)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生重要的影響。中國北方地區(qū)發(fā)育了世界最廣、最厚的風(fēng)塵沉積,記錄了至少22 Ma以來東亞季風(fēng)演化和亞洲內(nèi)陸干旱化歷史。半個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來對(duì)風(fēng)塵沉積的氣候記錄和黃土高原的成因進(jìn)行了大量研究并取得了豐碩成果,然而對(duì)黃土高原風(fēng)塵物質(zhì)沉積過程的認(rèn)識(shí)還存在很多問題。例如,近年來基于物源示蹤研究對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)塵搬運(yùn)過程提出了新認(rèn)識(shí),認(rèn)為雖然黃土主體是風(fēng)成的,但以前忽略了河流對(duì)于碎屑物質(zhì)的搬運(yùn)貢獻(xiàn)。我們?cè)谇叭搜芯炕A(chǔ)上從沉積學(xué)角度分析風(fēng)塵沉積過程,發(fā)現(xiàn)青藏高原兩期抬升與區(qū)域構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)粉塵沉積起著不亞于氣候變化的重要控制作用;同時(shí)從沉積-侵蝕和地貌發(fā)育過程探討風(fēng)力與流水這兩種最常見的外動(dòng)力方式在黃土沉積和黃土高原發(fā)育過程中所起的作用,認(rèn)為風(fēng)塵的沉積和黃土高原的形成是侵蝕與搬運(yùn)沉積作用的長(zhǎng)期動(dòng)態(tài)平衡過程,風(fēng)力和流水在其中所起的作用都不是單一不變的,在不同時(shí)期和不同區(qū)域有可能會(huì)同時(shí)充當(dāng)建設(shè)者和破壞者的角色。
[Abstract]:Wind and dust is an important part of the earth's surface system. It is widely involved in the physical, chemical and biological processes of different time and space scales in the earth system, and has an important impact on the global climate and ecological environment. The largest and thickest wind and dust deposits in the world have been developed in northern China, recording the evolution of the East Asian monsoon and the history of inland drought in Asia since at least 22 Ma. For more than half a century, a great deal of research has been carried out on the climatic records of wind and dust deposits and the genesis of the Loess Plateau. However, there are still many problems in the understanding of the deposition process of wind and dust materials in the Loess Plateau. For example, in recent years, based on the study of provenance tracer, a new understanding of the traditional wind and dust transport process has been put forward, and it is considered that although the loess main body is aeolian, the contribution of rivers to the transport of clastic materials has been ignored in the past. On the basis of previous studies, we analyze the process of wind and dust deposition from the point of view of sedimentology, and find that the two stages of uplift and regional tectonic movement in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau play an important role in controlling dust deposition as much as climate change. At the same time, the role of wind force and flowing water in loess deposition and loess plateau development is discussed from the process of sedimentation-erosion and geomorphological development. It is considered that the deposition of wind and dust and the formation of the Loess Plateau are the long-term dynamic equilibrium process of erosion and transport deposition, and the role of wind and water in it is not single and constant. It is possible to act as both builder and destroyer at different times and in different regions.
【作者單位】： 陜西師范大學(xué)旅游與環(huán)境學(xué)院/地理學(xué)國家級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)示范中心;中國科學(xué)院煙臺(tái)海岸帶研究所;南京大學(xué)地理與海洋科學(xué)學(xué)院;中國科學(xué)院南京地理與湖泊研究所湖泊與環(huán)境國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金項(xiàng)目(41602182) 中央高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(GK201603074)
【分類號(hào)】：P512.2
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本文編號(hào)：2487827