【摘要】：西南“三江”,因怒江、瀾滄江、金沙江三江并流而得名,西南三江地區(qū)位于特提斯-喜馬拉雅成礦域,歐亞版塊與印度板塊交接部位,是東特提斯的主要組成部分,因其復(fù)合造山作用突出,該地區(qū)成礦復(fù)雜、多樣。區(qū)內(nèi)具有運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)烈的多期次構(gòu)造活動(dòng),巖漿巖活動(dòng)及變質(zhì)作用,成礦作用顯著,具有非常優(yōu)越的成礦環(huán)境,是我國極其重要的銅、鉛鋅、金、銀等多金屬富集區(qū),全球較為罕見的多金屬成礦域,一直是我國進(jìn)行找礦工作的熱門地區(qū)之一。本文在收集研究區(qū)已有資料的基礎(chǔ)上,對資料進(jìn)行總結(jié)與分析。由于研究區(qū)范圍較大,為了更好的利用遙感技術(shù)認(rèn)識(shí)研究區(qū)成礦規(guī)律與能夠更準(zhǔn)確的進(jìn)行研究區(qū)成礦預(yù)測工作,本文將研究區(qū)分為三個(gè)尺度進(jìn)行研究(典型礦床尺度、礦集區(qū)尺度、成礦帶尺度)。選取區(qū)內(nèi)中部香格里拉礦集區(qū),作為礦集區(qū)代表,選取香格里拉礦集區(qū)內(nèi)規(guī)模最大的普朗斑巖型銅礦典型礦床,作為典型礦床代表。按照普朗典型礦床、香格里拉礦集區(qū)、西南三江成礦帶中南段的順序,首先對礦集區(qū)內(nèi)典型礦床地質(zhì)特征進(jìn)行充分的認(rèn)識(shí),并進(jìn)行分析,建立典型礦床遙感找礦模型,進(jìn)而總結(jié)礦集區(qū)的成礦特征與成礦規(guī)律,建立礦集區(qū)遙感找礦模型,最后在此基礎(chǔ)上,將礦集區(qū)的成礦特征與成礦規(guī)律放大到成礦帶宏觀背景上,直接確定成礦帶找礦標(biāo)志,建立成礦帶遙感找礦模型,并圈定找礦遠(yuǎn)景區(qū)。對此,本文主要進(jìn)行了以下研究:(1)對研究區(qū)內(nèi)各尺度對應(yīng)區(qū)域進(jìn)行多源數(shù)據(jù)資料(地質(zhì)資料與遙感數(shù)據(jù))的收集與整理,在普朗典型礦床開展野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查工作,對對區(qū)內(nèi)圍巖地層、構(gòu)造、蝕變分帶及遙感異常情況驗(yàn)證開展了詳細(xì)的研究工作。充分了解了其地質(zhì)背景和成礦模式后,總結(jié)并利用ASTER結(jié)合World view遙感影像提取普朗典型斑巖型銅礦床的找礦標(biāo)志,隨后在ArcGIS平臺(tái)建立的300m×300m標(biāo)準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)格地質(zhì)統(tǒng)計(jì)單元中,進(jìn)行定量化分析,得到了普朗典型礦床6個(gè)有利控礦變量:線性構(gòu)造異常,線環(huán)交點(diǎn)異常,地質(zhì)復(fù)雜度異常,有利成礦巖體復(fù)雜度,有利成礦隱伏巖體復(fù)雜度,遙感蝕變異常,其中巖體復(fù)雜度與礦體的相關(guān)性最大,其次為遙感蝕變異常、線性構(gòu)造異常,地質(zhì)復(fù)雜度、線環(huán)交點(diǎn)密度,和隱伏巖體復(fù)雜度,說明該區(qū)巖體與線性構(gòu)造對該區(qū)礦體具有很好的指示性作用,據(jù)此建立了普朗典型礦床遙感找礦模型。(2)在對普朗典型礦床成礦規(guī)律研究的基礎(chǔ)上,分析、總結(jié)并鑲嵌多景Landsat 8 OLI遙感影像所提取找礦標(biāo)志,隨后在ArcGIS平臺(tái)建立的2km×2km標(biāo)準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)格地質(zhì)統(tǒng)計(jì)單元中,進(jìn)行定量化分析,得到香格里拉礦集區(qū)5個(gè)有利控礦變量:遙感構(gòu)造異常、線環(huán)交點(diǎn)異常、有利成礦地層、有利成礦巖體和遙感蝕變異常。將區(qū)內(nèi)已知銅礦點(diǎn)根據(jù)其規(guī)模大小,做相應(yīng)緩沖區(qū)后分析其與控礦變量的相關(guān)性:線環(huán)交點(diǎn)密度中高值區(qū),線性構(gòu)造異常中高值區(qū),有利成礦巖體,有利成礦地層和遙感蝕變異常高值區(qū)的相關(guān)系數(shù)依次減小,據(jù)此建立礦集區(qū)遙感找礦模型,為西南三江成礦帶中南段斑巖型銅礦的成礦規(guī)律做好基礎(chǔ)準(zhǔn)備工作。(3)在總結(jié)礦集區(qū)成礦規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,將礦集區(qū)的成礦特征與成礦規(guī)律放大到成礦帶宏觀背景上,直接確定成礦帶找礦標(biāo)志。鑲嵌多景Landsat 8 OLI遙感影像所提取找礦標(biāo)志,并在ArcGIS平臺(tái)建立的10km×10km標(biāo)準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)格地質(zhì)統(tǒng)計(jì)單元中進(jìn)行量化,得到成礦帶4個(gè)有利控礦變量:線性構(gòu)造異常、有利成礦地層、有利成礦巖體和遙感蝕變異常。將區(qū)內(nèi)已知銅礦床根據(jù)其規(guī)模大小,做相應(yīng)緩沖區(qū)后分析與控礦變量的相關(guān)性:有利成礦地層變量相關(guān)性系數(shù)最大,其次為線性構(gòu)造異常變量,巖體有利度變量、遙感蝕變異常變量,據(jù)此建立西南三江成礦帶中南段遙感找礦模型,綜合疊加分析后圈定成礦帶找礦遠(yuǎn)景區(qū)。
[Abstract]:The south-west "Sanjiang" is named after the three rivers of the Nujiang, Lancang and Jinsha River. The three-river region of the southwest is located in the Tethys-Himalaya ore-forming region, and the Eurasia plate and the Indian plate transfer site are the main parts of the East Tethys, which are prominent because of the composite orogeny. The regional mineralization is complex and diverse. It is a very important copper, lead-zinc, gold, silver and other multi-metal enrichment area, and is a rare multi-metal ore-forming field in the world. It has been one of the most popular areas in China for prospecting. On the basis of collecting the existing data in the research area, this paper makes a summary and analysis of the data. Because of the large scope of the research area, in order to better utilize the remote sensing technology to realize the ore-forming rule of the research area and the ore-forming prediction of the research area, this paper divides the research into three dimensions: the typical ore deposit scale, the scale of the ore area and the scale of the ore-forming belt. The area of Shangri-La in the central part of the selected area is selected as the representative of the ore area, and the typical deposit of the largest in the Shangri-La Mine is selected as the representative of the typical ore deposit. According to the sequence of the south section of the typical ore deposit, the Shangri-La ore area and the south-west Sanjiang metallogenic belt, the geological characteristics of the typical ore deposits in the ore-collecting area are fully recognized and analyzed, and the remote sensing ore-finding model of the typical ore deposit is established. Furthermore, the ore-forming characteristics and the ore-forming law of the ore pool are summarized, the remote sensing and prospecting model of the ore-zone is established, and on the basis of the above, the ore-forming characteristics and the ore-forming rule of the ore-area are enlarged to the macro-background of the metallogenic belt, and the ore-forming belt prospecting marks are directly determined, and the ore-forming belt remote-sensing ore-finding model is established. And delineate the ore-prospecting far-distance scenic area. In this paper, the following research is carried out in this paper: (1) The collection and arrangement of multi-source data (geological data and remote sensing data) of the corresponding areas in the study area are carried out, and the field geological survey is carried out in the Prane typical deposit, and the formation and structure of the surrounding rock in the area are constructed. The detailed research work is carried out on the verification of the alteration zone and the remote sensing anomaly. After a thorough understanding of its geological background and ore-forming pattern, the author sums up and uses the ASTER in combination with the World view remote sensing image to extract the prospecting mark of the typical porphyry-type copper deposit, and then carries out quantitative analysis in the 300-m-300m standard grid geological statistical unit established by the ArcGIS platform, 6 favorable ore-controlling variables of the Prane typical deposit are obtained: the linear structure is abnormal, the intersection of the line rings is abnormal, the geological complexity is abnormal, the complexity of the ore-forming rock mass is favorable, the complexity of the ore-forming hidden rock mass is favorable, the remote sensing alteration is abnormal, and the complexity of the rock mass and the ore body are the largest, The second is the remote sensing alteration, the anomaly of the linear structure, the geological complexity, the density of the intersection of the line and the complexity of the hidden rock mass. (2) On the basis of the study of the ore-forming rule of the typical ore deposit of the Pulang, the ore-prospecting marks of the Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing image are summarized and embedded, and then the quantitative analysis is carried out in the 2 km/2 km standard grid geological statistical unit established by the ArcGIS platform. There are 5 favorable ore-controlling variables in the Shangri-La mining area: the remote sensing structure is abnormal, the crossing point of the line ring is abnormal, the ore-forming formation is favorable, and the ore-forming rock mass and the remote sensing alteration anomaly are favorable. according to the scale and the size of the known copper mine in the region, the correlation between the ore-controlling variable and the ore-controlling variable is analyzed after the corresponding buffer zone, The correlation coefficient of the favorable ore-forming formation and the high-value region of the remote sensing alteration anomaly is reduced in turn, and the remote sensing ore-finding model of the ore area is established, and the basic preparation work is carried out for the ore-forming rule of the porphyry type copper deposit in the south-west three-river metallogenic belt. (3) Based on the summary of the ore-forming rule of the ore-forming zone, the ore-forming characteristic and the ore-forming rule of the ore-deposit area are enlarged to the macro-background of the ore-forming belt, and the ore-forming belt prospecting mark is directly determined. The ore-prospecting mark is extracted by the Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing image, and is quantified in the 10 km/10 km standard grid geological statistical unit established by the ArcGIS platform to obtain the 4 favorable ore-controlling variables of the ore-forming zone: the linear structural anomaly, the favorable ore-forming formation, the favorable ore-forming rock mass and the remote-sensing alteration anomaly. according to the scale and the size of the known copper deposit in the region, the correlation between the corresponding buffer area and the ore-controlling variable is analyzed, the correlation coefficient of the favorable ore-forming formation variable is the largest, and the second is the linear structural anomaly variable, the rock mass advantage variable, the remote sensing alteration abnormal variable, Based on this, the remote sensing ore-finding model of the southern section of the three-river metallogenic belt of the southwest is established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P627

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