六盤山東麓斷裂帶晚第四紀活動性研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-15 18:10
【摘要】：六盤山東麓斷裂帶是南北構(gòu)造帶北段重要的組成部分,地質(zhì)構(gòu)造格局和現(xiàn)今GPS速度剖面與龍門山構(gòu)造帶有很大相似性;汶川地震的發(fā)生,提示我們不能忽略斷裂帶兩側(cè)速度梯度弱變化的斷裂,更不能因此而低估這類斷裂的地震危險性。因此,對六盤山東麓斷裂帶的活動性深入研究,可為區(qū)域地震危險性研究與分析提供基礎資料與依據(jù)。本論文主要工作有:(1)建立六盤山區(qū)域?qū)訝畹孛裁娴臅r空序列;(2)尋找斷層最新活動證據(jù),求取斷層活動性參數(shù);(3)構(gòu)建構(gòu)造差異隆升速率(?UT)模型,引進地貌學參數(shù)河道陡峭指數(shù)(),間接分析區(qū)域隆升活動性;(4)借助已有區(qū)域精密水準數(shù)據(jù)資料和跨斷層長水準測量數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合跨斷裂帶不同區(qū)段地質(zhì)剖面,分析六盤山構(gòu)造帶垂向運動特征。通過以上多種方法或參數(shù),綜合分析了六盤山東麓斷裂帶晚第四紀以來活動性和構(gòu)造變形特征,并且,探討了斷裂帶附近這種弱速度梯度變化的現(xiàn)象。主要得到以下結(jié)論:(1)海原斷裂帶與六盤山東麓斷裂帶以兩條左階斜列式過渡的小斷層銜接,分別為曹河村斷層(f1)和包家堡斷層(f2),其活動性質(zhì)均以左旋水平滑動為主,可能繼承了海原斷裂帶尾端的活動習性。(2)六盤山東麓斷裂帶全長約90km,整體走向近南北。斷層性質(zhì)主要以逆沖作用為主兼有左旋走滑。通過遙感解譯、數(shù)字高程模型分析、野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查將六盤山東麓斷裂帶劃分為3段:六盤山東麓斷裂帶北段(F1)走向近320°-330°,為左旋走滑兼高角度逆沖性質(zhì);中段(F2)斷裂走向350°-SN,為高角度逆沖性質(zhì);南段(F3)走向330°-340°,基巖中發(fā)育低角度逆沖斷層,第四系沉積層中為高角度逆沖性質(zhì)。(3)六盤山東麓斷裂帶南段(F2)晚更新世以來垂直滑動速率約0.55mm/a;六盤山東麓斷裂帶北段(F1)晚更新世以來水平滑動速率約為0.92-1.16mm/a,全新世以來垂直滑動速率約為0.31-0.41mm/a。(4)收集統(tǒng)計前人對六盤山東西兩側(cè)蘭州黃河、隴西渭河及涇河地區(qū)階地研究成果,借用古地磁及14C等方法測定階地形成年齡和實測階地拔河高度已有數(shù)據(jù),引進構(gòu)造差異隆升速率(?UT)參數(shù)來反映區(qū)域構(gòu)造隆升強弱。通過對蘭州黃河階地、隴西渭河階地與涇河階地的構(gòu)造差異隆升速率對比研究表明,第四系以來,蘭州黃河階地與涇河階地4個期次平均構(gòu)造差異隆升速率(?UT?????)分別為76.87 mm/ka、42.88 mm/ka、421.06 mm/ka和1050mm/ka;平均值為397.70mm/ka;隴西渭河階地與涇河階地3個期次內(nèi)?UT?????分別為177.37 mm/ka、171.83 mm/ka和168.27mm/ka;平均值為172.49mm/ka。說明六盤山西側(cè)總體活動性要強于六盤山東側(cè);同時六盤山構(gòu)造帶北段較南段活動性強,并有逐漸增強趨勢。(5)利用均衡河道縱剖面模型,提取了六盤山地區(qū)河道陡峭指數(shù)(ksn),結(jié)合數(shù)理統(tǒng)計方法對數(shù)據(jù)進行對比分析。結(jié)果表明,六盤山北段、中段和南段河道陡峭指數(shù)均值分別為65.11、73.53和71.76,表現(xiàn)出北段較小,中、南段較大的特征。并確定河道陡峭指數(shù)的變化主要受到區(qū)域巖石隆升速率差異的影響,而研究區(qū)內(nèi)巖石地層、降雨量及河流負載等地質(zhì)、氣候背景相關因素對河道陡峭指數(shù)的影響較小。各研究區(qū)河道陡峭指數(shù)的變化反應了六盤山南北不同區(qū)域構(gòu)造隆升速率的分布特征:六盤山北段隆升速率較低,區(qū)域活動性較弱;中段區(qū)域隆升最快,活動性較強;南段區(qū)域隆升介于兩者之間。(6)基于調(diào)查、分析得到六盤山東麓斷裂帶的活動性參數(shù)、構(gòu)造差異隆升速率(?UT)、地貌學參數(shù)()、區(qū)域精密水準觀察結(jié)果和水準速度剖面及不同區(qū)段地質(zhì)剖面多種參數(shù)和資料綜合分析認為:六盤山西側(cè)隆升活動性強于東側(cè),六盤山東麓斷裂帶中北段構(gòu)造變形及活動性呈現(xiàn)較強態(tài)勢。說明,現(xiàn)今GPS速度剖面所顯示六盤山東麓斷裂帶附近弱速度梯度但有明顯應力積累的現(xiàn)象,可能是存在明顯的應力轉(zhuǎn)換。區(qū)域水平運動方式轉(zhuǎn)換為以區(qū)域隆升為主的垂向運動,并且,斷裂帶不同區(qū)段及六盤山東西兩側(cè)有著不同的垂向運動強度。
[Abstract]:The eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain is an important part of the northern section of the north-south structure. The geological structure pattern and the current GPS velocity profile are very similar to the Longmen Mountain structure. The occurrence of the Wenchuan earthquake indicates that we can not ignore the weak changes of the velocity gradient on both sides of the fault zone. It is not possible to underestimate the seismic risk of such a fracture. Therefore, the research on the activity of the fault zone in the eastern foot of the Liupanshan Mountain can provide the basic data and the basis for the research and analysis of the regional seismic risk. The main work of this thesis is: (1) to establish the time-space sequence of the layered geomorphic surface of the Liupanshan region; (2) to find the latest active evidence of the fault, to obtain the fault activity parameter; and (3) to construct the construction difference uplift rate (? UT) model, introducing the geomorphology parameter channel steep index (), indirectly analyzing the regional uplift activity; (4) combining with the existing regional precision leveling data and the cross-fault long leveling data, and combining the geological profile of different sections of the cross-fault zone, The vertical movement characteristics of the six-plate mountain structure are analyzed. Based on the above methods or parameters, the characteristics of the activity and tectonic deformation since the late Quaternary of the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupa Mountain are comprehensively analyzed, and the phenomenon of the change of the weak velocity gradient in the vicinity of the fault zone is discussed. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) The Haiyuan fault zone and the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain are connected with the small faults of the two left-order oblique faults, which are the fault (f1) and the Bao-jiabao fault (f2), and the active properties of the fault (f1) and the Baojiabao fault (f2) are mainly the left-hand horizontal sliding, The activity habits of the tail end of the Haiyuan fault zone may be inherited. (2) The total length of the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain is about 90km, and the whole direction is near the north and south. The fault property mainly consists of the thrust and the left-handed sliding. By means of remote sensing interpretation, digital elevation model analysis and field geological survey, the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain is divided into three sections: the north section (F1) of the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain is in the direction of 320 擄 -330 擄, and is a left-hand sliding and high-angle thrust property; the middle section (F2) is broken to 350 擄-SN, It is a high-angle thrust property; the south section (F3) moves to 330-340 擄, and the low-angle thrust fault is developed in the bedrock, and the high-angle thrust property is in the Quaternary sedimentary layer. (3) The vertical sliding rate is about 0.55mm/ a since the late Pleistocene in the south section (F2) of the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain; the horizontal sliding rate of the north section (F1) of the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan fault zone is about 0.92-1.16 mm/ a since the late Pleistocene, and the vertical sliding rate since the Holocene is about 0.31-0.41 mm/ a. (4) Collect the research results of the terrace of the Yellow River, the Longxi River and the Terrace in the two sides of Liupanshan, and use the methods of paleomagnetism and 14C to measure the existing data of the terrace formation age and the measured terrace drawing height, and introduce the construction difference uplift rate (? UT) parameters to reflect the uplift of the area. The comparative study on the uplift rate of the structure difference between the terrace of the Yellow River and the terrace of the Yellow River in Lanzhou and the terrace of the Qihe River shows that, since the quaternary system, the difference of the average tectonic difference between the terrace of the Yellow River and the terrace in Lanzhou and the terrace of the river is increased (? UT--? ) The average value is 76.87 mm/ ka, 42.88 mm/ ka, 421.06 mm/ ka and 1050 mm/ ka. The average value is 397.70 mm/ ka, and the Longxi River terrace and the river terrace are within 3 stages. UT--? 177.37 mm/ ka, 171.83 mm/ ka and 1727 mm/ ka, respectively; the average value is 172.49mm/ ka. It is indicated that the overall activity of the west of Liupanshan Mountain is stronger than that of the east of Liupanshan Mountain, while the north section of the Liupanshan tectonic belt is more active than the south section, and there is a gradual increase of the trend. (5) Using the balanced channel longitudinal section model, the steep index (ksn) of the river course in Liupanshan area is extracted, and the data is compared and analyzed by means of the mathematical statistics method. The results show that the mean value of the steep indexes of the north section, middle section and south section of Liupanshan Mountain is 65.11, 73.53 and 71.76, respectively. The change of the steep index of the channel is mainly affected by the difference of the uplift rate of the regional rock, and the influence of the related factors such as the rock formation, the rainfall and the river load in the study area on the steep index of the channel is small. The change of the steep index of the channel in each study area reflects the distribution of the uplift rate in different regions in the north and south of Liupanshan. The uplift rate of the north section of the Liupanshan Mountain is lower, the activity of the region is weak, the middle section is the fastest and the activity is strong, and the regional uplift of the south section is between the two. (6) Based on the investigation and analysis, the activity parameters of the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain are analyzed, and the difference of uplift rate is constructed (? The comprehensive analysis of various parameters and data of the profile of UT, the geomorphology parameter (), the observation of the regional precision level and the profile of the level velocity and the geological profile of different sections is as follows: the uplift activity on the west side of the Liupanshan Mountain is stronger than that of the east side, The structural deformation and activity of the north section in the east-foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain show a strong tendency. It is shown that the current GPS velocity profile shows the phenomenon of weak velocity gradient near the eastern foot fault zone of the six-plate mountain, but there is obvious stress accumulation, which may be the obvious stress transformation. The horizontal movement of the region is converted into the vertical motion dominated by the regional uplift, and the different sections of the fault zone and the two sides of the six-plate mountain have different vertical movement intensity.
【學位授予單位】：中國地震局地震預測研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P315.2
本文編號：2477696
[Abstract]:The eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain is an important part of the northern section of the north-south structure. The geological structure pattern and the current GPS velocity profile are very similar to the Longmen Mountain structure. The occurrence of the Wenchuan earthquake indicates that we can not ignore the weak changes of the velocity gradient on both sides of the fault zone. It is not possible to underestimate the seismic risk of such a fracture. Therefore, the research on the activity of the fault zone in the eastern foot of the Liupanshan Mountain can provide the basic data and the basis for the research and analysis of the regional seismic risk. The main work of this thesis is: (1) to establish the time-space sequence of the layered geomorphic surface of the Liupanshan region; (2) to find the latest active evidence of the fault, to obtain the fault activity parameter; and (3) to construct the construction difference uplift rate (? UT) model, introducing the geomorphology parameter channel steep index (), indirectly analyzing the regional uplift activity; (4) combining with the existing regional precision leveling data and the cross-fault long leveling data, and combining the geological profile of different sections of the cross-fault zone, The vertical movement characteristics of the six-plate mountain structure are analyzed. Based on the above methods or parameters, the characteristics of the activity and tectonic deformation since the late Quaternary of the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupa Mountain are comprehensively analyzed, and the phenomenon of the change of the weak velocity gradient in the vicinity of the fault zone is discussed. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) The Haiyuan fault zone and the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain are connected with the small faults of the two left-order oblique faults, which are the fault (f1) and the Bao-jiabao fault (f2), and the active properties of the fault (f1) and the Baojiabao fault (f2) are mainly the left-hand horizontal sliding, The activity habits of the tail end of the Haiyuan fault zone may be inherited. (2) The total length of the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain is about 90km, and the whole direction is near the north and south. The fault property mainly consists of the thrust and the left-handed sliding. By means of remote sensing interpretation, digital elevation model analysis and field geological survey, the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain is divided into three sections: the north section (F1) of the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain is in the direction of 320 擄 -330 擄, and is a left-hand sliding and high-angle thrust property; the middle section (F2) is broken to 350 擄-SN, It is a high-angle thrust property; the south section (F3) moves to 330-340 擄, and the low-angle thrust fault is developed in the bedrock, and the high-angle thrust property is in the Quaternary sedimentary layer. (3) The vertical sliding rate is about 0.55mm/ a since the late Pleistocene in the south section (F2) of the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain; the horizontal sliding rate of the north section (F1) of the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan fault zone is about 0.92-1.16 mm/ a since the late Pleistocene, and the vertical sliding rate since the Holocene is about 0.31-0.41 mm/ a. (4) Collect the research results of the terrace of the Yellow River, the Longxi River and the Terrace in the two sides of Liupanshan, and use the methods of paleomagnetism and 14C to measure the existing data of the terrace formation age and the measured terrace drawing height, and introduce the construction difference uplift rate (? UT) parameters to reflect the uplift of the area. The comparative study on the uplift rate of the structure difference between the terrace of the Yellow River and the terrace of the Yellow River in Lanzhou and the terrace of the Qihe River shows that, since the quaternary system, the difference of the average tectonic difference between the terrace of the Yellow River and the terrace in Lanzhou and the terrace of the river is increased (? UT--? ) The average value is 76.87 mm/ ka, 42.88 mm/ ka, 421.06 mm/ ka and 1050 mm/ ka. The average value is 397.70 mm/ ka, and the Longxi River terrace and the river terrace are within 3 stages. UT--? 177.37 mm/ ka, 171.83 mm/ ka and 1727 mm/ ka, respectively; the average value is 172.49mm/ ka. It is indicated that the overall activity of the west of Liupanshan Mountain is stronger than that of the east of Liupanshan Mountain, while the north section of the Liupanshan tectonic belt is more active than the south section, and there is a gradual increase of the trend. (5) Using the balanced channel longitudinal section model, the steep index (ksn) of the river course in Liupanshan area is extracted, and the data is compared and analyzed by means of the mathematical statistics method. The results show that the mean value of the steep indexes of the north section, middle section and south section of Liupanshan Mountain is 65.11, 73.53 and 71.76, respectively. The change of the steep index of the channel is mainly affected by the difference of the uplift rate of the regional rock, and the influence of the related factors such as the rock formation, the rainfall and the river load in the study area on the steep index of the channel is small. The change of the steep index of the channel in each study area reflects the distribution of the uplift rate in different regions in the north and south of Liupanshan. The uplift rate of the north section of the Liupanshan Mountain is lower, the activity of the region is weak, the middle section is the fastest and the activity is strong, and the regional uplift of the south section is between the two. (6) Based on the investigation and analysis, the activity parameters of the eastern foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain are analyzed, and the difference of uplift rate is constructed (? The comprehensive analysis of various parameters and data of the profile of UT, the geomorphology parameter (), the observation of the regional precision level and the profile of the level velocity and the geological profile of different sections is as follows: the uplift activity on the west side of the Liupanshan Mountain is stronger than that of the east side, The structural deformation and activity of the north section in the east-foot fault zone of the Liupanshan Mountain show a strong tendency. It is shown that the current GPS velocity profile shows the phenomenon of weak velocity gradient near the eastern foot fault zone of the six-plate mountain, but there is obvious stress accumulation, which may be the obvious stress transformation. The horizontal movement of the region is converted into the vertical motion dominated by the regional uplift, and the different sections of the fault zone and the two sides of the six-plate mountain have different vertical movement intensity.
【學位授予單位】：中國地震局地震預測研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P315.2
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