【摘要】：異常地層壓力往往是鉆井過程中的高風(fēng)險因素。隨著勘探目標的加深,更加需要一種方法來提高鉆前地層壓力的預(yù)測效果,從而提升鉆井效率,縮短鉆井周期、提前配置好合理的泥漿密度和減少鉆井過程中井噴井漏等事故的發(fā)生。影響地層壓力預(yù)測效果的因素主要有:(1)異常地層壓力成因的地質(zhì)認識;(2)地震速度求取的準確度;(3)未綜合考慮巖石物性(如速度,密度和孔隙性)對地層壓力的影響。新方法主要針對渤海H油田,實現(xiàn)了一種效果更好的井震結(jié)合的地層壓力預(yù)測方法。具體步驟如下:(1)綜合分析可知,研究區(qū)渤海H油田目的層沙三段的異常壓力成因為:欠壓實和有機質(zhì)的生烴作用引起的流體膨脹。(2)由于井上實測壓力值較少,約束效果欠佳。新方法先利用Eberhart-Phillips公式求取井上整個目的層段的壓力值,以更好的利用井上數(shù)據(jù)來約束反演地層壓力的三維數(shù)據(jù)體。Eberhart-Phillips公式的優(yōu)點在于綜合考慮了巖石物性(速度、孔隙度、泥質(zhì)含量)對地層壓力的影響;(3)利用測井數(shù)據(jù),分別統(tǒng)計整井和目的層段的Gardner公式,并且計算其所對應(yīng)的速度,分別稱為背景速度和目的層速度。背景速度由井信息約束下的疊加速度轉(zhuǎn)層速度得到。目的層速度由模擬退火法下的寬帶約束反演的波阻抗和目的層的Gardner公式得到。背景速度可以較好的反映上覆地層壓力的變化趨勢,目的層速度則與巖性密切相關(guān),可以提高地層壓力的預(yù)測效果。(4)利用整井統(tǒng)計的Gardner公式,計算背景速度所對應(yīng)的從地表到目的層的密度,再通過對密度進行積分,計算上覆地層壓力。再將目的層速度代入改進的Fillippone公式中去,利用井上的地層壓力值約束得到整個目的層段的三維地層壓力數(shù)據(jù),從而實現(xiàn)地層壓力的準確預(yù)測。
[Abstract]:Abnormal formation pressure is often a high risk factor in drilling process. With the deepening of exploration targets, it is more necessary to improve the prediction effect of formation pressure before drilling, so as to improve drilling efficiency and shorten drilling cycle. Arrange reasonable mud density in advance and reduce the occurrence of blowout well leakage in drilling process. The main factors affecting the prediction effect of formation pressure are as follows: (1) the geological understanding of the origin of abnormal formation pressure, (2) the accuracy of seismic velocity calculation, and (2) the accuracy of seismic velocity calculation. (3) the influence of rock physical properties (such as velocity, density and porosity) on formation pressure is not considered comprehensively. The new method is mainly aimed at Bohai H Oilfield, and a better prediction method of formation pressure combined with well earthquake is realized. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Comprehensive analysis shows that the abnormal pressure in the third member of the target layer of Bohai H Oilfield in the study area is due to the fluid expansion caused by undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation of organic matter. (2) due to the small measured pressure value in the well, The constraint effect is not good. The new method first uses Eberhart-Phillips formula to calculate the pressure value of the whole target section of the well, in order to make better use of the well data to constrain the inversion of the three-dimensional data volume of formation pressure. The advantage of Eberhart-Phillips formula is that it takes into account the physical properties of rock (velocity). The influence of porosity and mud content on formation pressure; (3) using logging data, the Gardner formulas of the whole well and the target section are counted respectively, and the corresponding velocity is calculated, which is called background velocity and target layer velocity, respectively. The background velocity is obtained from the stacking velocity under the constraint of well information. The velocity of the target layer is obtained from the wave impedance of the broadband constrained inversion under the simulated annealing method and the Gardner formula of the target layer. The background velocity can better reflect the changing trend of overlying formation pressure, while the target layer velocity is closely related to lithology, which can improve the prediction effect of formation pressure. (4) the Gardner formula of whole well statistics is used. The density from the surface to the target layer corresponding to the background velocity is calculated, and then the overlying formation pressure is calculated by integrating the density. Then the velocity of the target layer is replaced by the improved Fillippone formula, and the three-dimensional formation pressure data of the whole target section are obtained by using the formation pressure value constraint on the well, so as to realize the accurate prediction of formation pressure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P618.13

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