【摘要】：地震的發(fā)生與活動斷裂的分布有著極其密切的關(guān)系,而遙感圖像不僅從宏觀上展示活動斷裂及其它活動構(gòu)造的影像全貌,還能直觀地顯示斷裂活動的信息,為分析活動斷裂與地震之間的關(guān)系提供重要的參考。而雷瓊地區(qū)就是活動斷裂發(fā)育地區(qū),第四紀(jì)火山活動強烈,1605年發(fā)生在瓊州的7.5級地震是華南地區(qū)為數(shù)不多的大地震之一,而該地震兩條控震斷裂就位于瓊東北地區(qū)。可見,本文研究區(qū)具有發(fā)生強烈地震的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造背景,所以利用遙感數(shù)據(jù)來提取瓊東北地區(qū)的活動斷裂有著重要的意義。除了在瓊北地區(qū)分布較廣的幾條大斷裂外,瓊東北其他小型斷裂的展布情況及其活動性質(zhì)有待進一步探明。研究區(qū)第四紀(jì)松散沉積物覆蓋嚴(yán)重,整體海拔較低,植被茂盛,地表水系發(fā)達,活動斷裂多隱伏發(fā)育,人眼無法從單純的地物色彩中識別斷裂蹤跡。因此通過高空間分辨率的遙感影像來對研究區(qū)微地貌的識別也面臨這阻礙,此時,高光譜分辨率的影像更能發(fā)揮作用,通過反復(fù)試驗選取最有效的圖像增強處理方法,擴大不同地層與地物之間的差別,提取隱伏弱異常信息,識別活動斷裂的具體分布位置。本文以TM、ETM+、OLI、SPOT6和ASTER GDEM2等為主要數(shù)據(jù)源,在進行數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理基礎(chǔ)上,通過對遙感數(shù)據(jù)進行彩色合成、主成分分析、纓帽變換、波段比值等多種圖像增強處理,以獲得最有效的斷裂影像特征;其次在綜合分析活動斷裂在遙感影像上的地質(zhì)地貌特征的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合已有的研究成果,建立活動斷裂的解譯標(biāo)志,厘定活動斷裂的空間分布,采用野外地質(zhì)地貌調(diào)查、地球物理探測、鉆孔聯(lián)孔剖面等方法進行驗證,以獲取活動斷裂的幾何形態(tài)以及運動特征。研究區(qū)活動斷裂主要通過色調(diào)、地形地貌、土壤植被以及水系展布等解譯標(biāo)志獲得,經(jīng)過遙感解譯與野外驗證,初步確定的瓊東北地區(qū)主要活動斷裂的空間展布與斷裂的性質(zhì)。北北西向與近東西向的斷裂構(gòu)成了瓊東北的主要構(gòu)造格局,且都為上盤下降,下盤上升的正斷層。近東西向光村-鋪前斷裂與北北西向鋪前-清瀾斷裂為研究區(qū)主要活動斷裂,最新活動時代為全新世;其余斷裂在第四紀(jì)期間均發(fā)生過斷裂活動。
[Abstract]:The occurrence of earthquakes is closely related to the distribution of active faults, and remote sensing images can not only show the whole image of active faults and other active structures from a macro point of view, but also intuitively display the information of fault activity. It provides an important reference for the analysis of the relationship between active faults and earthquakes. The Leiqiong area is an active fault development area, and the Quaternary volcanic activity is strong. The magnitude 7.5 earthquake that occurred in Qiongzhou in 1605 is one of the few major earthquakes in South China, and the two earthquake-controlling faults are located in the northeast of Qiong. Therefore, using remote sensing data to extract active faults in the northeast of Qiong is of great significance. In addition to several large faults which are widely distributed in northern Qiongbei, the distribution and active properties of other small faults in the northeast of Qiong need to be further proved. In the study area, the Quaternary loose sediment cover is serious, the whole altitude is low, the vegetation is luxuriant, the surface water system is developed, the active faults are more hidden and developed, and the human eye can not recognize the fault trace from the simple ground object color. Therefore, the recognition of microgeomorphology in the study area is also hindered by remote sensing images with high spatial resolution. At this time, hyperspectral resolution images can play a better role, and the most effective image enhancement processing method is selected through repeated experiments. The difference between different strata and ground objects is expanded, the hidden weak anomaly information is extracted, and the specific distribution location of active faults is identified. In this paper, TM,ETM, OLI,SPOT6 and ASTER GDEM2 are used as the main data sources, and on the basis of data preprocessing, many kinds of image enhancement processing, such as color synthesis, principal component analysis, tassel cap transformation, band ratio and so on, are carried out. In order to obtain the most effective fracture image features; Secondly, on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the geological and geomorphological characteristics of active faults on remote sensing images, combined with the existing research results, the interpretation marks of active faults are established, the spatial distribution of active faults is determined, and the field geological and geomorphological investigation is adopted. Geophysical exploration, drilling joint hole profile and other methods are verified in order to obtain the geometric shape and motion characteristics of active faults. The active faults in the study area are mainly obtained by interpretation marks such as hue, topography and geomorphology, soil vegetation and water system distribution. Through remote sensing interpretation and field verification, the spatial distribution and fault properties of the main active faults in Northeast Qiong are preliminarily determined. The north-northwest and near-east-west faults constitute the main tectonic framework of the northeast of Qiong, and they are normal faults which fall in the upper plate and rise in the lower one. The east-west Guangcun-Puqian fault and the northwest-westward Puqian-Qinglan fault are the main active faults in the study area, and the latest active age is Holocene, and the rest of the faults have occurred fault activity during the Quaternary period.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P315.2

【參考文獻】

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本文編號：2473280