發(fā)布時間：2019-05-08 20:59

【摘要】：巖石圈中許多地質(zhì)過程,都曾經(jīng)歷過降壓作用。巖石圈中的壓力是一個極為重要的參數(shù),壓力的降低將改變地質(zhì)作用過程的其他物理化學(xué)性質(zhì),包括導(dǎo)致相變。通過巖石圈中降壓過程性質(zhì)和機(jī)制的研究,重點探討降壓所引起的相變及其地質(zhì)意義,試圖從新的研究角度提出一些認(rèn)識和思路。(1)降壓是巖石圈中許多地質(zhì)作用發(fā)生的必要條件,降壓的性質(zhì)不同對應(yīng)不同的地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象。(2)巖石圈物質(zhì)的相變線(含兩端點)及鄰區(qū)的物理化學(xué)行為突變有重要研究價值。降壓可導(dǎo)致巖石圈中的水發(fā)生一、二級相變,影響著熱液成礦和油氣成藏,是"構(gòu)造降壓-水相變耦合成礦(藏)"新模式的理論核心。降壓導(dǎo)致巖石圈中固體熔融相變,是巖漿形成的必要條件,降壓性質(zhì)差異決定著巖漿巖的種類和結(jié)構(gòu)。降壓過程中,礦物組合隨之調(diào)整,因各種礦物的相變線不同,礦物變形行為表現(xiàn)各異,地壓梯度明顯降低,影響超高壓變質(zhì)作用和變形、巖石圈減薄等的解釋。(3)降壓通常是巖石圈局部升溫和聚集水的前提。巖石圈中若沒有降壓,就不會出現(xiàn)明顯升溫和聚集水的現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:Many geological processes in the lithosphere have experienced hypotension. The pressure in the lithosphere is a very important parameter, and the decrease of the pressure will change the other physicochemical properties of the geological process, including the formation of phase change. Based on the study of the properties and mechanism of the depressurization process in the lithosphere, the phase change caused by the depressurization and its geological significance are emphatically discussed. This paper attempts to put forward some understandings and ideas from a new point of view. (1) the hypotension is a necessary condition for many geological processes in the lithosphere. The properties of depressurization correspond to different geological phenomena. (2) the phase transition lines (including two end points) of lithosphere materials and the abrupt changes of physical and chemical behaviors in adjacent areas are of great value in the study. The depressurization can lead to the first-order and second-order phase transition of water in the lithosphere, which affects hydrothermal mineralization and oil-gas accumulation, and is the theoretical core of the new model of "structural depressurization-water phase transformation coupling mineralization (reservoir)". It is necessary for magma formation to cause solid melting phase transformation in lithosphere due to depressurization, and the difference of depressurization properties determines the type and structure of magmatic rocks. In the process of depressing pressure, the mineral assemblage is adjusted. Due to the different phase transition lines of various minerals, the deformation behavior of minerals is different, and the ground pressure gradient is obviously reduced, which affects the metamorphism and deformation of ultra-high pressure. Lithosphere thinning, etc. (3) depressurization is usually the premise of local warming and water accumulation in the lithosphere. If there is no pressure reduction in the lithosphere, there will be no obvious warming and accumulation of water.
【作者單位】： 東華理工大學(xué)放射性地質(zhì)與勘探技術(shù)國防重點學(xué)科實驗室;內(nèi)蒙古赤峰地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)勘查開發(fā)院;中國地質(zhì)科學(xué)院地質(zhì)力學(xué)研究所;中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(武漢)地球科學(xué)學(xué)院;核工業(yè)北京地質(zhì)研究院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41472069,41172078,40862005) 江西省自然科學(xué)基金重大項目(20152ACB20015) 國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計劃“863”項目(2012AA061504) 國家重點基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計劃“973”項目(2012CB723101) 科學(xué)技術(shù)部國際合作項目(2011DFR60830)
【分類號】：P313

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