【摘要】：格爾木河流域位于西北干旱地區(qū)柴達(dá)木盆地南部,流域內(nèi)降水稀少,蒸發(fā)強(qiáng)烈。流域發(fā)育典型的沖洪積扇,山前沖洪積扇沉積巨厚的砂卵礫石,是良好的地下水儲存介質(zhì),地下水資源豐富,是重要的供水水源。整體上研究區(qū)地下水開發(fā)利用程度較低,地下水具有很大的開發(fā)利用潛力。格爾木市坐落于格爾木河沖洪積扇上,為柴達(dá)木盆地重點(diǎn)扶持和發(fā)展的中心城市,隨著城市發(fā)展對地下水的需求量將會(huì)日益增加。干旱區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱,地下水不僅是供水水源,還具有重要的生態(tài)功能,以往的地下水資源評價(jià)缺乏對生態(tài)環(huán)境的考慮,評價(jià)結(jié)果可靠性不高,因此,在生態(tài)約束的條件下開展流域地下水資源評價(jià),掌握該區(qū)地下水資源量,對研究區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文大量收集了研究區(qū)地下水勘察資料,綜合分析了研究區(qū)水文地質(zhì)條件和補(bǔ)徑排條件,利用地下水?dāng)?shù)值模擬軟件GMS建立了地下水流數(shù)值模擬模型(2011.1~2015.12)。通過對研究區(qū)5年地下水均衡進(jìn)行分析,得出多年平均補(bǔ)給量6.91×10~8m~3/a,多年平均排泄量6.75×10~8m~3/a。綜合考慮研究區(qū)用水規(guī)劃和生態(tài)環(huán)境約束條件,提出了五種地下水開發(fā)利用方案對地下水進(jìn)行水資源評價(jià),預(yù)測期30年。預(yù)測模型模擬得出研究區(qū)總補(bǔ)給量為8.56×10~8m~3/a,地下水開采量組成主要包括襲奪的蒸發(fā)量、泉排泄量和動(dòng)用的地下水儲存量。西郊水源地投入開采后,綜合對比方案三、方案四和方案五的蒸發(fā)量和泉排泄量的減少量、適宜植被生長區(qū)退縮面積和最大降深出現(xiàn)的位置及深度,推薦方案三為最佳開采方案。最大降深的位置出現(xiàn)在三期水源地,降深約16m,襲奪的無效蒸發(fā)量和泉排泄量總量占開采量的47.95%,植被適宜生長區(qū)面積縮減13.30%。因此,確定研究區(qū)可開采量為2.92×10~8m~3/a,基本滿足干旱區(qū)地下水可持續(xù)發(fā)展和生態(tài)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,為該區(qū)地下水合理開發(fā)利用和地表生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)提供了依據(jù)和保障。
[Abstract]:Guermu River basin is located in the south of Qaidam Basin in the arid area of northwest China. The precipitation in the basin is rare and the evaporation is strong. Typical alluvial fan is developed in the basin, and the alluvial fan in front of the mountain is deposited with huge thickness of sand and gravel. It is a good storage medium for groundwater and abundant in underground water resources, which is an important source of water supply. On the whole, the exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the study area is low, and the groundwater has great potential of exploitation and utilization. Guermu City is located on the alluvial fan of the Germ River. It is the central city supporting and developing the Qaidam Basin. With the development of the city, the demand for groundwater will increase day by day. The ecological environment in arid areas is fragile, groundwater is not only the source of water supply, but also has important ecological functions. In the past, the evaluation of groundwater resources lacked the consideration of ecological environment and the reliability of the evaluation results was not high. Therefore, It is of great practical significance for the sustainable development of the study area to carry out the assessment of groundwater resources in the basin and master the quantity of groundwater resources in this area under the condition of ecological constraints. This paper collected a large number of groundwater survey data in the study area, comprehensively analyzed the hydrogeological conditions and replenishment and drainage conditions in the study area, and established the groundwater numerical simulation model (2011.1 ~ 2015.12) by using the groundwater numerical simulation software GMS. Based on the analysis of 5-year groundwater equilibrium in the study area, the results show that the average multi-year recharge is 6.91 脳 10 脳 10 8 m / 3 a and the multi-year average discharge is 6.75 脳 10 8 m / 3 a. Considering the water use planning and eco-environmental constraints in the study area, five groundwater development and utilization schemes are put forward to evaluate groundwater resources, and the prediction period is 30 years. The total recharge of the study area is 8.56 脳 10 ~ 8 m ~ 3 / a, and the groundwater exploitation is mainly composed of evaporation, spring discharge and groundwater storage. After the exploitation of the water source in the western suburbs, the reduction of evaporation and spring discharge of schemes 3, 4 and 5 is suitable for the receding area of vegetation growth area and the location and depth of the maximum drop depth. The third recommended scheme is the best mining scheme. The maximum depth drop occurred in the water source of the third stage, which was about 16 m, and the ineffective evaporation and spring discharge accounted for 47.95% of the total exploitation, and the area of the suitable growth area of vegetation decreased by 13.30%. Therefore, the exploitable capacity of the study area is determined to be 2.92 脳 10 ~ 8 m ~ 3 / a, which basically satisfies the sustainable development and ecological coordinated development of groundwater in arid area, which provides the basis and guarantee for the rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater and the protection of surface ecological environment in this area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P641.8

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