【摘要】：昔格達(dá)組地層廣泛分布于我國青藏高原東南緣各大江大河及其支流的河谷地區(qū),由于該區(qū)特殊地理位置,人類工程經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)頻繁,加之這一地區(qū)構(gòu)造變形復(fù)雜,昔格達(dá)組的形成機(jī)制尚存在爭議。因此研究該區(qū)昔格達(dá)地層構(gòu)造變形特征對(duì)昔格達(dá)組地層沉積的控制作用,對(duì)揭示昔格達(dá)組地層成因以及了解這一地區(qū)的區(qū)域地質(zhì)構(gòu)造演化歷史,尤其是青藏高原的隆升過程,以及指導(dǎo)這一地區(qū)工程建設(shè)活動(dòng)均具有重要意義。本文以攀鋼西昌釩鈦鋼鐵新基地工程區(qū)昔格達(dá)組地層為研究對(duì)象,以工程區(qū)的區(qū)域地質(zhì)背景、昔格達(dá)組分布及規(guī)律、昔格達(dá)組變形特征以及昔格達(dá)組成因淺析等為研究內(nèi)容,采用文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研及工程地質(zhì)調(diào)查分析方法,在大量現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查及室內(nèi)資料分析整理基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合已有昔格達(dá)地層構(gòu)造及成因研究,從構(gòu)造變形類型、構(gòu)造變形幾何學(xué)、構(gòu)造變形運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)、構(gòu)造變形史等方面討論了場(chǎng)區(qū)昔格達(dá)組地層的構(gòu)造變形特征,反演工程區(qū)構(gòu)造演化過程,揭示昔格達(dá)組的成因機(jī)制,主要獲得以下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí)：(1)不同地區(qū)昔格達(dá)組沉積環(huán)境差異較大,瀘定剖面所反映過水湖泊或沼澤環(huán)境,大渡河漢源富林昔格達(dá)則反映了河流相沉積,安寧河西昌～德昌昔格達(dá)在不同地段則反映了更多的沼澤相、河流-沼澤相沉積環(huán)境,而攀枝花的昔格達(dá)組則更多的反映了該區(qū)屬于湖沼相沉積。(2)根據(jù)工程區(qū)開挖揭露剖面發(fā)現(xiàn)該區(qū)昔格達(dá)組巖層主要的同生變形構(gòu)造類型是滑塌構(gòu)造和昔格達(dá)組內(nèi)部的角度不整合接觸,受地震影響工程區(qū)揭露的沉積剖面表明昔格達(dá)組巖層具有軟沉積結(jié)構(gòu)特征。(3)不同地區(qū)昔格達(dá)組地層構(gòu)造變形的差異性主要受沉積非均質(zhì)性及距離活動(dòng)斷裂和震源遠(yuǎn)近的影響,而工程區(qū)開挖昔格達(dá)剖面素描圖顯示工程區(qū)昔格達(dá)組地層主要受近東西向壓應(yīng)力的擠壓作用,受力方向與區(qū)域構(gòu)造安寧河斷裂帶及則木河斷裂帶主構(gòu)造方向近于垂直,反映了工程區(qū)構(gòu)造活動(dòng)與地震作用有關(guān)。(4)構(gòu)成昔格達(dá)組主體的各沉積單元可能是河流相(如,河床比降很小的辮狀水系)、湖泊相、沼澤相,更可能包括三種沉積環(huán)境間的過渡環(huán)境—河湖相、河沼相、湖沼相及河-湖-沼澤相,而非冰川堆積作用形成。(5)基于工程區(qū)及外圍的地貌、巖性、構(gòu)造特征,初步推斷工程區(qū)可能大致經(jīng)歷了4個(gè)階段的構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng),晚更新世以來昔格達(dá)在接受不同沉積相沉積及現(xiàn)代河流沉積過程中受區(qū)域及近場(chǎng)斷裂和地震活動(dòng)的影響,昔格達(dá)組地層發(fā)生了復(fù)雜的構(gòu)造變形,而且構(gòu)造變形特征具有時(shí)空分布的非均質(zhì)性,一定程度上反映了攀西昔格達(dá)組地層沉積過程的復(fù)雜性。
[Abstract]:The Xigda formation strata are widely distributed in the valleys of the great rivers and their tributaries on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in China. Due to the special geographical location in this area, the human engineering and economic activities are frequent and the tectonic deformation in this area is complicated. The formation mechanism of Xigda formation is still controversial. Therefore, the control of the tectonic deformation characteristics of Xigeda formation on the strata deposition of Xigeda formation in this area is studied, which can reveal the formation of Xigeda formation and understand the evolution history of regional geological structure in this area, especially the uplift process of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. It is of great significance to guide the project construction activities in this area. In this paper, the Xigeda formation stratum in Xichang new base of Panzhihua Iron and Steel Company is taken as the research object, and the regional geological background of the engineering area, the distribution and regularity of the Xigda formation, the deformation characteristics of the Xichang formation and the analysis of the factors of Xigeda composition, etc., are taken as the research objects. Based on a great deal of on-the-spot investigation and indoor data analysis and combining with the study on the structure and genesis of Xigeda strata, this paper adopts the methods of literature investigation and engineering geological investigation and analyzes the structure deformation type, structure deformation geometry, and so on. In the aspects of tectonic deformation kinematics and history of tectonic deformation, the tectonic deformation characteristics of Xigeda formation in field area are discussed, the structural evolution process of engineering area is inversed, and the genetic mechanism of Xigeda formation is revealed. The main results are as follows: (1) the sedimentary environment of Xigeda formation varies greatly in different areas. The overflowing lake or swamp environment is reflected in the Luding profile, while the fluvial facies deposit is reflected in the Hanyuan Fulin Xigda formation of the Dadu River. Anning River Xichang-de Changxigda reflected more swamp facies, river-swamp facies sedimentary environment in different areas. However, Xigda formation in Panzhihua more reflects that this area belongs to lacustrine facies deposits. (2) according to the excavation exposure profile of the engineering area, it is found that the main syngenetic deformation structure types of Xigda formation in this area are collapse structure and Xigeda structure. Angle unconformable contact within the group, The sedimentary profiles exposed by the earthquake-affected engineering area indicate that the strata of Xigeda formation have the characteristics of soft sedimentary structure. (3) the difference of tectonic deformation of Xigeda formation in different areas is mainly due to sedimentary heterogeneity and distance active faults. And the far and near effects of the source, However, the sketch of Xigeda profile in the engineering area shows that the strata of Xigeda formation in the engineering area are mainly squeezed by near-east-west compressive stress, and the stress direction is close to vertical to the main tectonic direction of Anning River fault zone and Zemuhe fault zone of regional tectonics. The tectonic activity in the engineering area is related to seismic action. (4) the sedimentary units that make up the main body of Xigda formation may be fluvial facies (for example, braided water system with very small river bed ratio), lacustrine facies and swampy facies. It is more likely to include the transitional environment between the three sedimentary environments-the river-lake facies, the river-marsh facies, the lake-marsh facies and the river-lake-swamp facies, rather than the glacier accumulation. (5) based on the geomorphology, lithology and structural characteristics of the engineering area and its periphery, It is inferred that the engineering area may have undergone four stages of tectonic movement. Since the late Pleistocene, Xigeda was affected by regional and near-field faults and seismic activities in the process of accepting different sedimentary facies and modern river deposits. The complex structural deformation occurred in Xigeda formation, and the structural deformation characteristic has the heterogeneity of space-time distribution, which to some extent reflects the complexity of the sedimentary process in Panxixigda formation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P542

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