【摘要】：瞬變電磁探測(cè)是地球物理探測(cè)的主要手段之一，傳統(tǒng)的瞬變電磁探測(cè)方法僅利用了采集到的垂直分量信息，在復(fù)雜地質(zhì)構(gòu)造探測(cè)中受到了限制，不僅探測(cè)精度低，且易產(chǎn)生解釋錯(cuò)誤。水平分量響應(yīng)中包含大量的異常體信息，綜合分析水平與垂直分量響應(yīng)可以更準(zhǔn)確的對(duì)地下異常體進(jìn)行判定，極大提高了瞬變電磁資料的解釋精度。 目前，瞬變電磁探測(cè)針對(duì)于垂直分量已經(jīng)形成了一套比較完善的測(cè)量技術(shù)、處理手段和解釋方法，而針對(duì)水平分量的研究工作卻稍顯落后。以往對(duì)瞬變電磁探測(cè)的理論研究、儀器研制和野外實(shí)際測(cè)量中都只關(guān)注于垂直分量的研究，水平分量往往被忽視。水平分量響應(yīng)幅度小，響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)雜，導(dǎo)致了瞬變電磁水平分量的研究利用對(duì)瞬變電磁儀器的性能和瞬變電磁響應(yīng)的解釋理論都提出了很高的要求。 針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題，本文根據(jù)三分量瞬變電磁法的研究和應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀，簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明了三分量瞬變電磁探測(cè)相比于單一垂直分量瞬變電磁的優(yōu)越性，建立以導(dǎo)電回線為目標(biāo)體的瞬變電磁系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)模型，推導(dǎo)出單一Z分量激發(fā)下X、Y、Z三分量響應(yīng)的表達(dá)式，計(jì)算并分析了不同條件下三分量響應(yīng)特征。同時(shí)，本文計(jì)算分析了大地響應(yīng)、大地與線圈間非期望互感響應(yīng)對(duì)TEM系統(tǒng)三分量導(dǎo)電回線響應(yīng)的影響。 研究結(jié)果表明：X、Y、Z三個(gè)分量響應(yīng)具有各自特征：Z分量與目標(biāo)體耦合強(qiáng)度大，，響應(yīng)表現(xiàn)為峰值異常，適用于對(duì)目標(biāo)體的探測(cè)與定位；X分量響應(yīng)為過(guò)零點(diǎn)異常，對(duì)目標(biāo)體的邊沿、中心等位置以及目標(biāo)體的傾向反應(yīng)靈敏；Y分量響應(yīng)為峰值異常且幅度較小，反映了測(cè)線穿過(guò)目標(biāo)體的位置，測(cè)線越偏離目標(biāo)體中心，Y分量響應(yīng)越強(qiáng)。吊艙高度的改變對(duì)響應(yīng)的幅值影響較大，而對(duì)響應(yīng)曲線形態(tài)影響較小。吊艙傾角的改變對(duì)響應(yīng)曲線形態(tài)影響較大。發(fā)射電流幅值的改變只影響響應(yīng)幅度，對(duì)響應(yīng)曲線形態(tài)無(wú)影響。在大地對(duì)系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)的影響中，TER響應(yīng)衰減速度較快，對(duì)TLR響應(yīng)的影響在早期影響較大，在晚期影響較小。TELR三分量響應(yīng)與TLER三分量響應(yīng)相似，都為過(guò)零點(diǎn)響應(yīng)，在響應(yīng)前期小于零，會(huì)減小TLR響應(yīng)幅度，響應(yīng)后期大于零，會(huì)增加TLR響應(yīng)幅度。 本文的研究成果為瞬變電磁三分量數(shù)據(jù)的解釋?xiě)?yīng)用和瞬變電磁三分量系統(tǒng)標(biāo)定提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Transient electromagnetic detection is one of the main means of geophysical exploration. The traditional transient electromagnetic detection method only utilizes the information of the vertical component collected, which is limited in the exploration of complex geological structure, and the detection accuracy is not only low. And easy to produce interpretation errors. The horizontal component response contains a large amount of abnormal body information. Comprehensive analysis of the horizontal and vertical component response can more accurately determine the underground abnormal body, which greatly improves the interpretation accuracy of the transient electromagnetic data. At present, the transient electromagnetic probe has formed a set of perfect measurement techniques, processing methods and interpretation methods for the vertical component, but the research work on the horizontal component is a little behind. In the past, the theoretical research of transient electromagnetic detection, the development of instruments and the field measurement only focus on the study of vertical component, while the horizontal component is often ignored. The response amplitude of the horizontal component is small and the response data are complex, so the research on the horizontal component of the transient electromagnetic has put forward a high demand for the performance of the transient electromagnetic instrument and the interpretation theory of the transient electromagnetic response. In order to solve this problem, according to the research and application status of three-component transient electromagnetic method, this paper briefly explains the superiority of three-component transient electromagnetic detection compared with single vertical component transient electromagnetic method. The response model of transient electromagnetic system with conductive loop as target body is established. The expression of three-component response of X, Y and Z under single Z-component excitation is derived. The response characteristics of three-component response under different conditions are calculated and analyzed. At the same time, the influence of geodetic response, undesired mutual inductance response between earth and coil on the three-component conductive loop response of TEM system is calculated and analyzed in this paper. The results show that the response of X, Y and Z components has their own characteristics: the coupling intensity between Z component and target body is large, and the response is peak anomaly, which is suitable for detecting and locating the target body; The X-component response is zero-crossing anomaly, and it is sensitive to the edge and center position of the target body and the tendency of the target body. The response of Y component is abnormal and the amplitude is small, which reflects the position of the line passing through the target body. The more the line deviates from the center of the target body, the stronger the response of the Y component is. The change of pod height has great influence on the amplitude of the response, but has little effect on the shape of the response curve. The change of pods inclination has a great influence on the shape of response curve. The change of emission current amplitude only affects the response amplitude, but has no effect on the shape of response curve. Among the effects of the earth on the response of the system, the attenuation of TER response is faster, and the influence on TLR response is greater in the early stage than in the later stage. The TELR three-component response is similar to the TLER three-component response, all of which are zero-crossing response. When the initial response is less than zero, the TLR response amplitude will be reduced, and the later response will be greater than zero, which will increase the TLR response amplitude. The results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the interpretation and application of the transient electromagnetic three-component data and the calibration of the transient electromagnetic three-component system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P631.325

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