【摘要】：針對(duì)降水條件下中小河流草皮護(hù)坡的水分入滲問題，利用降雨動(dòng)能試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)，選取狗牙根作為護(hù)坡草，建立41cm×29.5cm的坡面徑流小區(qū)，分別進(jìn)行人工模擬降雨試驗(yàn)和雙環(huán)入滲實(shí)驗(yàn)，，并對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了理論分析。 1、人工模擬降雨試驗(yàn)：建立坡度30°、45°的草皮坡面和裸土坡面，草皮坡面選取狗牙根草皮，培育至生長高度5cm，進(jìn)行不同降雨強(qiáng)度的入滲試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)表明：草皮覆蓋護(hù)坡土的入滲速率明顯高于裸土護(hù)坡土，徑流量與入滲速率的比值低于裸土護(hù)坡土，因?yàn)椴萜ぴ谝欢ǔ潭壬细淖兞送馏w的結(jié)構(gòu)，根系周圍土壤形成了大的團(tuán)粒形狀，團(tuán)粒間的大空隙為滲流提供了暢通的流通通道，改善了護(hù)坡土的入滲特性；坡度較大的情況下徑流量與入滲速率的比值較大，因?yàn)槠露容^大時(shí)降雨在坡面上停留時(shí)間短，更容易在重力作用下沿坡面形成徑流；降雨前期，降雨強(qiáng)度大小對(duì)于初始入滲時(shí)的徑流量/入滲速率比值基本無影響，因?yàn)樵谄旅鏌o集水的情況下，降雨完全轉(zhuǎn)化為入滲，徑流量為零，但是后期由于土體飽和，入滲速率為土壤飽和導(dǎo)水率，剩余的降雨完全轉(zhuǎn)化為徑流，徑流量/入滲速率變大。 2、雙環(huán)入滲試驗(yàn)：試驗(yàn)用來模擬持續(xù)降水，草皮護(hù)坡坡面集水的情況。試驗(yàn)表明：不同坡度的入滲速率沒有太大變化；有草皮覆蓋土的初始入滲率和穩(wěn)定入滲速率都高于裸土護(hù)坡土體，而且在同樣的時(shí)間內(nèi)，累計(jì)入滲量前者都高于后者。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem of water infiltration in the slope protection of small and medium-sized rivers under the condition of precipitation, a slope runoff plot of 41cm 脳 29.5cm was established by using the experiment system of rainfall kinetic energy and selecting Dogtooth root as the slope protection grass. Artificial simulated rainfall experiment and double-loop infiltration experiment were carried out respectively, and the experimental results were analyzed theoretically. 1. Artificial simulated rainfall experiment: the turf slope and bare soil slope with slope of 30 擄and 45 擄were established. The root turf was selected and cultivated to the height of 5 cm. The infiltration tests of different rainfall intensity were carried out. The results show that the infiltration rate of soil covered with turf is obviously higher than that of bare soil, and the ratio of runoff to infiltration rate is lower than that of bare soil, because the turf has changed the structure of soil to a certain extent. The soil around the root system has formed a large aggregate shape, and the large gap between the aggregates provides a smooth flow channel for seepage flow, and improves the infiltration characteristics of the slope-protecting soil. The ratio of runoff to infiltration rate is larger when the slope is large, because the rainfall stays on the slope surface for a short time when the slope is large, and it is easier to form runoff along the slope surface under the action of gravity. In the pre-rainfall period, the rainfall intensity has little effect on the ratio of runoff to infiltration rate during initial infiltration, because in the case of no catchment on the slope, rainfall completely transforms to infiltration, and the runoff is zero, but later due to the saturation of the soil, the rainfall intensity has no effect on the runoff / infiltration rate ratio at the initial infiltration stage. The infiltration rate is saturated water conductivity of soil, the remaining rainfall is completely transformed into runoff, and the runoff / infiltration rate increases. 2, double-loop infiltration test: the experiment was used to simulate the continuous precipitation, turf slope water collection. The results show that the infiltration rate of soil with different slope has not changed much, and the initial infiltration rate and stable infiltration rate of covered soil with turf are higher than that of bare soil, and the cumulative infiltration amount of the former is higher than that of the latter in the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU43

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