【摘要】：頁巖氣是一種非常重要的非常規(guī)天然氣資源,它的成藏和產(chǎn)出機(jī)理與頁巖儲(chǔ)層的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)和裂縫密切相關(guān)。頁巖的儲(chǔ)滲空間以孔隙和裂縫為主,其微觀孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)和裂縫分布非常復(fù)雜,而認(rèn)識(shí)頁巖的孔縫是頁巖氣開發(fā)的關(guān)鍵,如何運(yùn)用微觀和宏觀不同方法來定性描述與定量表征頁巖孔縫對(duì)我們正確認(rèn)識(shí)頁巖孔縫具有重要的意義。本文以川東典型頁巖氣藏儲(chǔ)集空間為研究對(duì)象,通過微觀方法、巖心描述、地球物理技術(shù)和三維孔縫相建模表征認(rèn)識(shí)了川東頁巖儲(chǔ)層的孔縫特征。取得的主要成果和認(rèn)識(shí)如下： (1)分析了其礦物組成、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量和有機(jī)質(zhì)成熟度等因素,測(cè)定了孔隙度、滲透率等微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的宏觀反映參數(shù)。頁巖礦物組成以石英、黏土礦物為主,伊利石與伊／蒙間層礦物是主要的黏土礦物類型,黏土礦物平均含量為39%,石英含量50%左右,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量為2.42%,有機(jī)質(zhì)成熟度為Ro=2.5%±。頁巖不同層段的巖石特征差異比較大,導(dǎo)致了頁巖儲(chǔ)層中孔隙度、滲透率的不同。 (2)通過微觀孔隙分析技術(shù),利用巖石薄片分析、電子顯微鏡成像、CT掃描成像和壓汞法分析了頁巖微觀孔隙形貌和孔徑分布,概括其微觀孔隙類型主要包括了有機(jī)孔、無機(jī)孔和微裂縫,其中主要以有機(jī)質(zhì)孔和無機(jī)孔中的黏土礦物晶間孔為主,也是儲(chǔ)集空間最重要的組成部分,并分析了各類微孔隙成因、形態(tài)分布以及影響因素。 (3)對(duì)3口頁巖井進(jìn)行巖心描述識(shí)別了頁巖裂縫的產(chǎn)狀,包括了裂縫長(zhǎng)度、寬度、傾角、充填物質(zhì)和充填程度等,運(yùn)用成像測(cè)井在井下識(shí)別了頁巖儲(chǔ)層的裂縫,利用地震檢測(cè)技術(shù)對(duì)頁巖儲(chǔ)層進(jìn)行了裂縫分布預(yù)測(cè),分析了其宏觀裂縫類型和分布特征以及控制因素,把裂縫分為構(gòu)造縫和非構(gòu)造縫,構(gòu)造縫受構(gòu)造應(yīng)力控制,非構(gòu)造縫受沉積成巖作用影響,研究區(qū)域上部以構(gòu)造縫為主,下部以層理縫為主。 (4)在巖心資料和測(cè)井資料的基礎(chǔ)上,繪制出井剖面圖,根據(jù)裂縫不同的產(chǎn)狀把儲(chǔ)層劃分為不同的儲(chǔ)滲孔縫相,通過井震結(jié)合技術(shù)預(yù)測(cè)了儲(chǔ)層各小層裂縫的平面分布特征,最終在petrel孔縫相建模中展示了儲(chǔ)層裂縫在三維空間的分布。
[Abstract]:Shale gas is a very important unconventional natural gas resource. Its reservoir formation and production mechanism are closely related to the pore structure and fracture of shale reservoir. The pore structure and fracture distribution are very complicated in the pore structure and fracture distribution of shale, and the key to shale gas development is to recognize the pore fracture of shale. It is of great significance for us to understand shale pore fractures correctly how to describe them qualitatively and quantitatively by using different microscopic and macroscopic methods. In this paper, the reservoir space of typical shale gas reservoirs in East Sichuan Province is taken as the research object. Through microscopic method, core description, geophysical technique and 3D pore facies modeling characterization, the pore and fracture characteristics of shale reservoir in East Sichuan are recognized. The main achievements and understandings are as follows: (1) the factors of mineral composition, organic matter content and maturity of organic matter are analyzed, and the macroscopic reflection parameters such as porosity and permeability are measured. The mineral composition of shale is mainly composed of quartz and clay minerals. Illite and Illite / interlayer minerals are the main types of clay minerals. The average content of clay minerals is 39, the content of quartz is about 50%, and the content of organic matter is 2.42%. The maturity of organic matter is Ro=2.5% 鹵. The difference of rock characteristics in different formations of shale leads to the difference of porosity and permeability in shale reservoir. (2) the micropore morphology and pore size distribution of shale were analyzed by micropore analysis technique, rock slice analysis, electron microscope imaging, CT scanning imaging and mercury injection method. Inorganic pores and microcracks are mainly composed of intergranular pores of clay minerals in organic and inorganic pores, which are also the most important components of reservoir space. The origin, morphology distribution and influencing factors of various micropores are analyzed. (3) the core description of three shale wells identifies the occurrence of shale fractures, including fracture length, width, inclination, filling material and filling degree, etc. In this paper, the fracture distribution of shale reservoir is predicted by using seismic detection technology, and its macroscopic fracture types and distribution characteristics and controlling factors are analyzed. The fractures are divided into structural fractures and non-structural fractures, which are controlled by tectonic stress. Non-structural fractures are influenced by sedimentary diagenesis. The upper part of the study area is dominated by structural fractures and the lower part by bedded fractures. (4) on the basis of core data and logging data, the well profile is drawn, the reservoir is divided into different reservoir and permeability pore facies according to the different occurrence of fractures, and the plane distribution characteristics of fractures in each small layer of reservoir are predicted by combining well and earthquake technology. Finally, the distribution of reservoir fractures in three-dimensional space is demonstrated in petrel pore phase modeling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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