不同地球模型的位錯(cuò)理論在地殼形變研究中的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-21 08:11
【摘要】：斷層面上質(zhì)點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)與地表觀測到的地面變形的關(guān)系可以通過位錯(cuò)理論來描述,斷層面上質(zhì)點(diǎn)的平移與地面形變場、應(yīng)變場和應(yīng)變梯度間存在數(shù)學(xué)對應(yīng)關(guān)系,借助于位錯(cuò)理論模型,利用地震破裂模型可以對地震進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)模擬,正演計(jì)算地震在地表產(chǎn)生的位移、應(yīng)變等物理量;同時(shí),也可以通過大地測量觀測資料(GPS、InSAR等)對地震破裂面上的滑動(dòng)分布進(jìn)行反演計(jì)算,進(jìn)而了解和認(rèn)識地球內(nèi)部斷層活動(dòng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)過程,為地震、海嘯等自然災(zāi)害的預(yù)測研究提供必要的理論基礎(chǔ)。自從位錯(cuò)理論被引入到地震學(xué)之后,有關(guān)的位錯(cuò)理論研究迅速發(fā)展起來,很多學(xué)者基于不同地球模型的位錯(cuò)理論研究了同震形變問題。Okada(1985)總結(jié)并整理了前人的工作,給出了一套完整簡潔的半無限空間均勻介質(zhì)地球模型的同震變形計(jì)算公式,但由于這種模型過于簡單,半無限空間地球模型給出的結(jié)果往往存在較大誤差。在Okada(1985)研究結(jié)果基礎(chǔ)上,Wang et al.(2003)給出了基于水平層狀地球模型的位移格林函數(shù)表達(dá)式。隨后考慮地球的曲率和層狀構(gòu)造,Sun(1992)、Sun和Okubo(1993)基于層狀球?qū)ΨQ模型發(fā)展了新的層狀球體位錯(cuò)理論。相對于其他幾種模型,層狀球形地球模型是較接近真實(shí)地球模型的位錯(cuò)理論模型,由于其同時(shí)考慮了地球的曲率和徑向的層狀構(gòu)造,使得計(jì)算結(jié)果的精度得到了提高,為更準(zhǔn)確地解析大地形變觀測數(shù)據(jù)提供理論支持。為了較全面的研究現(xiàn)有的四種不同的位錯(cuò)理論模型之間的差異,本論文中分別從正演和反演兩方面進(jìn)行分析研究。論文的主要研究工作包括以下幾個(gè)部分:1.以現(xiàn)有的位錯(cuò)理論模型(均勻半無限、水平層狀、均質(zhì)球形及層狀球形地球模型)為基礎(chǔ),計(jì)算不同情況(深度、震級、斷層類型等)的點(diǎn)震源產(chǎn)生的同震形變,定量分析地球曲率以及地球?qū)訝顦?gòu)造對同震形變產(chǎn)生的影響;然后,利用已有的地震破裂模型(2013 Mw 6.6蘆山地震),計(jì)算該地震在這幾種不同的地球模型下在地表產(chǎn)生的同震形變場,討論不同的地震位錯(cuò)理論在正演計(jì)算中的差異及適用性。2.地震形變分布特征主要取決于地震斷層破裂模型,不同震級的地震引起形變響應(yīng)特征(區(qū)域范圍和大小)存在差異,地震形變分布、形變量和震級之間是非線性相關(guān)的。本文也基于球體位錯(cuò)理論,定量分析了不同類型不同震級的地震的形變響應(yīng)特性,研究地震在垂直斷層走向方向上的形變響應(yīng)范圍和震級之間的關(guān)系。3.通過模擬反演計(jì)算,分析在不同觀測數(shù)據(jù)密度的情況下,地球的層狀構(gòu)造對走滑斷層和逆沖斷層反演結(jié)果的影響;然后,以2001年Ms 8.1昆侖山地震為例,利用GPS觀測資料,分別基于均勻半無限模型和水平層狀模型位錯(cuò)理論下,對本次地震斷層面上的滑動(dòng)分布進(jìn)行反演計(jì)算,分析地球的層狀構(gòu)造在實(shí)際走滑地震破裂模型反演計(jì)算中的差異及適用性。
[Abstract]:The relationship between the motion of particles on fault plane and the ground deformation observed on the surface can be described by dislocation theory. There is a mathematical correspondence between the translation of particle on fault plane and ground deformation field, strain field and strain gradient. With the aid of the dislocation theory model, the earthquake can be simulated by using the earthquake rupture model, and the displacement, strain and other physical quantities generated by the earthquake on the ground can be calculated forward. At the same time, through geodetic observation data (GPS,InSAR et al.), the slip distribution on the rupture surface of earthquake can be inversely calculated, and the dynamic process of fault activity in the earth can be understood and understood. The prediction of natural disasters such as tsunamis provides the necessary theoretical basis. Since the introduction of dislocation theory into seismology, the research on dislocation theory has developed rapidly. Many scholars have summarized and sorted out the previous work based on the dislocation theory of different Earth models and the coseismic deformation problem (. Okada (1985). In this paper, a set of formulas for calculating coseismic deformation of a complete and concise homogeneous medium earth model in semi-infinite space are given. However, due to the simplicity of the model, there are often large errors in the results given by the semi-infinite space earth model. Based on the results of Okada (1985), Wang et al. (2003 gives the expression of displacement Green's function based on horizontal layered Earth model. Then, considering the curvature of the earth and the layered structure, Sun (1992), Sun and Okubo (1993) developed a new theory of stratiform spherical dislocation based on the layered spherical symmetry model. Compared with other models, the layered spherical Earth model is a dislocation theoretical model which is closer to the real earth model. The accuracy of the calculation results is improved because the curvature of the earth and the radial stratified structure are taken into account simultaneously. It provides theoretical support for more accurate analysis of geodetic deformation observation data. In order to study the differences between four different dislocation theory models, this paper analyzes and studies them from forward and inverse aspects respectively. The main research work includes the following parts: 1. Based on the existing theoretical models of dislocation (homogeneous semi-infinite, horizontal layered, homogeneous spherical and stratified spherical earth models), the co-seismic deformation caused by different conditions (depth, magnitude, fault type, etc.) is calculated. The influence of earth curvature and stratified structure on coseismic deformation is quantitatively analyzed. Then, using the existing earthquake rupture model (2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake), the coseismic deformation field produced by the earthquake on the surface under these different Earth models is calculated. The difference and applicability of different seismic dislocation theories in forward modeling are discussed. The characteristics of seismic deformation distribution mainly depend on the rupture model of earthquake faults. The characteristics of deformation response (regional range and magnitude) caused by different magnitude earthquakes are different. The distribution of earthquake deformation, shape variables and magnitude are nonlinear correlation. Based on the theory of spherical dislocation, the deformation response characteristics of earthquakes with different types and different magnitudes are quantitatively analyzed, and the relationship between the range of deformation response and magnitude of earthquakes in the direction of vertical fault strike is studied. The influence of the stratified structure of the earth on the inversion results of strike-slip fault and thrust fault is analyzed by simulated inversion calculation under the condition of different observed data density. Then, taking the Ms 8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake in 2001 as an example, based on the dislocation theory of homogeneous semi-infinite model and horizontal layered model, the slip distribution on fault plane of this earthquake is inversely calculated using GPS observation data, respectively. This paper analyzes the difference and applicability of the layered structure of the earth in the inversion calculation of the actual strike-slip seismic rupture model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地震局地震預(yù)測研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P315.725
本文編號：2427371
[Abstract]:The relationship between the motion of particles on fault plane and the ground deformation observed on the surface can be described by dislocation theory. There is a mathematical correspondence between the translation of particle on fault plane and ground deformation field, strain field and strain gradient. With the aid of the dislocation theory model, the earthquake can be simulated by using the earthquake rupture model, and the displacement, strain and other physical quantities generated by the earthquake on the ground can be calculated forward. At the same time, through geodetic observation data (GPS,InSAR et al.), the slip distribution on the rupture surface of earthquake can be inversely calculated, and the dynamic process of fault activity in the earth can be understood and understood. The prediction of natural disasters such as tsunamis provides the necessary theoretical basis. Since the introduction of dislocation theory into seismology, the research on dislocation theory has developed rapidly. Many scholars have summarized and sorted out the previous work based on the dislocation theory of different Earth models and the coseismic deformation problem (. Okada (1985). In this paper, a set of formulas for calculating coseismic deformation of a complete and concise homogeneous medium earth model in semi-infinite space are given. However, due to the simplicity of the model, there are often large errors in the results given by the semi-infinite space earth model. Based on the results of Okada (1985), Wang et al. (2003 gives the expression of displacement Green's function based on horizontal layered Earth model. Then, considering the curvature of the earth and the layered structure, Sun (1992), Sun and Okubo (1993) developed a new theory of stratiform spherical dislocation based on the layered spherical symmetry model. Compared with other models, the layered spherical Earth model is a dislocation theoretical model which is closer to the real earth model. The accuracy of the calculation results is improved because the curvature of the earth and the radial stratified structure are taken into account simultaneously. It provides theoretical support for more accurate analysis of geodetic deformation observation data. In order to study the differences between four different dislocation theory models, this paper analyzes and studies them from forward and inverse aspects respectively. The main research work includes the following parts: 1. Based on the existing theoretical models of dislocation (homogeneous semi-infinite, horizontal layered, homogeneous spherical and stratified spherical earth models), the co-seismic deformation caused by different conditions (depth, magnitude, fault type, etc.) is calculated. The influence of earth curvature and stratified structure on coseismic deformation is quantitatively analyzed. Then, using the existing earthquake rupture model (2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake), the coseismic deformation field produced by the earthquake on the surface under these different Earth models is calculated. The difference and applicability of different seismic dislocation theories in forward modeling are discussed. The characteristics of seismic deformation distribution mainly depend on the rupture model of earthquake faults. The characteristics of deformation response (regional range and magnitude) caused by different magnitude earthquakes are different. The distribution of earthquake deformation, shape variables and magnitude are nonlinear correlation. Based on the theory of spherical dislocation, the deformation response characteristics of earthquakes with different types and different magnitudes are quantitatively analyzed, and the relationship between the range of deformation response and magnitude of earthquakes in the direction of vertical fault strike is studied. The influence of the stratified structure of the earth on the inversion results of strike-slip fault and thrust fault is analyzed by simulated inversion calculation under the condition of different observed data density. Then, taking the Ms 8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake in 2001 as an example, based on the dislocation theory of homogeneous semi-infinite model and horizontal layered model, the slip distribution on fault plane of this earthquake is inversely calculated using GPS observation data, respectively. This paper analyzes the difference and applicability of the layered structure of the earth in the inversion calculation of the actual strike-slip seismic rupture model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地震局地震預(yù)測研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P315.725
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