【摘要】：礦渣泥石流是指由礦區(qū)采礦活動所產(chǎn)生的廢棄礦渣不合理堆放而引起的泥石流,是典型的人為泥石流。與自然泥石流相比,礦渣泥石流的發(fā)育特征與啟動機理有著明顯的不同。本文以小秦嶺金礦區(qū)(靈寶市內(nèi)的區(qū)域)為研究對象,通過對區(qū)內(nèi)礦渣泥石流物源(渣堆)的調(diào)查研究,總結(jié)分析了區(qū)內(nèi)礦渣泥石流的發(fā)育特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)礦渣泥石流的分布規(guī)律與人類活動相關(guān)性密切,渣堆的顆粒級配與一般水石流相比有著顆粒大、顆粒級配跨度大的特點。通常情況下,在粗粒土中,顆粒粒徑大于5mm的顆粒含量大于70%時,粗粒土中會形成骨架結(jié)構(gòu),其滲透性能會有明顯的上升變化。針對區(qū)內(nèi)渣堆中大于5mm粒徑的顆粒含量大于85%的情況,為進(jìn)一步研究渣堆內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),利用PFC顆粒流程序?qū)^(qū)內(nèi)物源(渣堆)進(jìn)行模擬,建立了渣堆邊坡模型。重點對渣堆的骨架結(jié)構(gòu)特征進(jìn)行了模擬、分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)大粒徑的顆粒在渣堆中形成了明顯的骨架結(jié)構(gòu)。渣堆在天然狀態(tài)下坡腳接近天然休止角,但渣堆內(nèi)部并沒有差異應(yīng)力現(xiàn)象,可見具有良好滲透性能的渣堆在天然狀態(tài)下較為穩(wěn)定。泥石流的啟動是泥石流研究的重點,底床坡度、水源補給和顆粒級配在泥石流的啟動過程中起著決定性作用。水源補給是泥石流啟動中最為直接誘發(fā)因素,本文在研究礦渣泥石流的啟動過程中,利用PFC顆粒流程序建立了區(qū)內(nèi)典型渣堆的二維數(shù)值模擬模型,研究在不同控制降雨強度條件下,降雨對渣堆啟動的效果及作用機理。通過分析數(shù)值模擬的結(jié)果得出,在降雨強度相對較小時(50mm/12h),即使長時間的降雨,也只能對渣堆產(chǎn)生較為微弱的啟動作用,且在此時渣堆的尾部(底部)先于其他位置啟動;在降雨強度相對較大時(140mm/12h),降雨對渣堆的啟動作用十分明顯,渣堆一旦起動啟動,啟動加速度較快,破壞力強,且渣堆的頂部先于其他位置啟動,起動時有明顯成層現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:Slag debris flow is a typical man-made debris flow caused by unreasonable stacking of waste slag produced by mining activities in mining area. Compared with natural debris flow, the development characteristics and start-up mechanism of slag debris flow are obviously different. In this paper, taking the area of Xiaoqinling Gold Mine (the region of Lingbao City) as the research object, through the investigation and study of the source (heap of slag) of the debris flow in the area, the development characteristics of the debris flow in the area are summarized and analyzed. It is found that the distribution of slag debris flow is closely related to human activities, and the particle gradation of slag heap has the characteristics of large particle size and large particle gradation span compared with general water and stone flow. In general, when the particle size of coarse grained soil is larger than 70% of 5mm, the skeleton structure will be formed in coarse grained soil, and the permeability of coarse grained soil will change obviously. In order to further study the internal structure of slag reactor, in order to further study the internal structure of slag reactor, the material source (slag reactor) was simulated by PFC particle flow program, and the slope model of slag reactor was established. The characteristics of the skeleton structure of the slag reactor were simulated and analyzed. It was found that the large particle size formed an obvious skeleton structure in the slag reactor. The sloping foot of the slag pile is close to the natural angle of repose in the natural state, but there is no differential stress phenomenon inside the slag pile, so the slag heap with good permeability is stable in the natural state. The start-up of debris flow is the focus of debris flow research. The slope of bottom bed, water supply and particle gradation play a decisive role in the starting process of debris flow. Water recharge is the most direct inductive factor in the start-up of debris flow. In this paper, the two-dimensional numerical simulation model of typical slag pile in the area is established by using PFC particle flow program in the process of starting slag debris flow. The effect and mechanism of rainfall on the start-up of slag heap under different rainfall intensity control conditions were studied. By analyzing the results of numerical simulation, it is concluded that even if the rainfall intensity is relatively low (50mm/12h), even if the rainfall lasts for a long time, it can only produce a weaker starting effect on the slag heap. At this time, the tail (bottom) of the slag heap starts before other positions; When the rainfall intensity is relatively large (140mm/12h), the effect of rainfall on the start of slag reactor is very obvious. Once the slag reactor starts, the starting acceleration is faster and the destructive power is strong, and the top of the slag reactor starts before other places. There is obvious stratification phenomenon when starting.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北水利水電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.23

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